胶粘控释肥的载体材料对玉米生长和土壤酶活性的影响

以多种天然、半天然和合成高分子有机物以及无机矿物质作为复合载体材料,研究开发出一种胶粘控释肥料。为了研究复合载体材料对土壤环境的效应,采用土壤盆栽和实验室培养的方法研究载体材料对玉米生长、生理生化活性和土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明,载体材料处理的玉米生长和生理生化活性与对照处理相比略有促进作用,但差异不显著;对土壤转化酶、脲酶具有明显的激发效应,正常用量下对过氧化氢酶、磷酸酶没有明显的不利影响,但过高用量会出现抑制作用。胶粘控释肥料与常规肥料相比,可促进玉米生长、提高产量和养分利用率,生物量干重提高8.9%,氮钾养分利用率分别提高11.1%和5.1%,均达显著水平。载体材料的施用对环境不会产生不利影响,而且胶粘控释肥料表现出明显的提高养分利用率和增产效果。

Influences of Carrier Materials Used in Gel-based Controlled Release Fertilizer on Growth of Maize and Activities of Soil Enzymes

A gel-based controlled release fertilizer was developed with complex carrier materials and conventional fertilizers,the complex carrier materials were consisted of natural,semi-natural and synthetic organic macromolecule matters and mineral matters.Pot cultural and incubation experiences were conducted in net house and laboratory respectively to study the effects of the complex carrier materials on growth and physiological-biochemical properties of maize and activities of soil enzyme for purpose of environment.The results showed that carrier materials applied to soil could slightly promote growth and physiological-biochemical properties of maize compared with blank treatment,significantly stimulated invertase and urease activities in soil,and had no adverse influence on catalase and phosphatase activities under normal application amount,however,inhibited their activities under higher application amount.The gel-based controlled release fertilizer applied could greatly improve growth and nutrient use efficiency of maize,the biomass increased by 8.9%,the use efficiencies of nitrogen and potassium of the fertilizer improved by 11.1% and 5.1%(P<0.05) respectively compared with conventional fertilizer.In conclusion,the carrier materials used in the gel-based controlled release fertilizer did not appeared adverse influence on soil environment,and the fertilizer showed significant benefit to improving yield and nutrient use efficiency in maize crop.