栽培方式对冬小麦耗水量、产量及水分利用效率的影响

为探究不同栽培方式对冬小麦生长发育、产量形成及水分利用的影响。通过田间试验,设置传统畦田种植(TC)、垄作种植(RC)和高低畦田种植(HLC)3种栽培方式,其中RC和HLC种植模式分别设置3种灌溉处理(900,720,540 m^3/hm^2),以TC的常规灌溉(900 m^3/hm^2)作为对照,研究3种栽培方式下冬小麦生育期内的土壤水分变化与耗水规律,分析栽培方式对产量构成要素和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:不同栽培方式下冬小麦各生育期的土壤含水量变化具有显著差异,RC处理的集雨储水能力相对较强;栽培方式对冬小麦耗水特性和水分利用效率的影响也达到显著水平。冬小麦产量和耗水量间呈现极显著的正相关关系(R^2=0.86,P<0.01);栽培方式对冬小麦亩成穗数和穗粒数具有显著差异;与RC和TC栽培方式相比,HLC栽培方式下群体及个体的发育相对更好,亩成穗数和穗粒数显著提高;相比TC和RC,HLC栽培方式下冬小麦耗水总量分别提高14.16%和19.90%,产量分别提升22.63%和27.37%,水分利用效率(WUE)分别提升7.69%和6.87%。综合来看,HLC栽培方式可显著提高冬小麦的产量和水分利用效率,是研究区域较为理想的节水高产栽培模式。

Effects of Cultivation Methods on Water Consumption Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat

To study the effects of different cultivation methods and irrigation schedules on growth, yield, and water use of winter wheat, three cultivation modes were conducted with field experiment in Shandong province:Traditional Cultivation (TC), Ridge Cultivation (RC), and High and Low Cultivation (HLC), three levels of irrigation quota (900 m³/hm², 720 m³/hm², 540 m³/hm²) were set up in RC and HLC respectively, while there was only 900 m³/hm² irrigation quota for TC. The changes in soil moisture, water consumption, and water use efficiency (WUE) of winter wheat in the three cultivation methods were studied. The results showed:the soil water content of winter wheat at different growth stages was significantly different under different cultivation methods, and the ability of storing rainfall in RC method was better than the other two methods. The cultivation methods had significant effects on the water consumption characteristics and water use efficiency of winter wheat, and there was a significant positive correlation between winter wheat yield and water consumption (R²=0.86, P<0.01). Compared with RC and TC, the wheat of HLC developed vigorously, with higher number of panicles and grains per mu. The total water consumption under HLC method was 14.16% and 19.90% higher than that of TC and RC respectively, while the yield of HLC was 22.63% and 27.37% higher than that of TC and RC respectively. Furthermore, the WUE of HLC was 7.69% and 6.87% higher than that of TC and RC. Overall, HLC cultivation can significantly improve the yield and WUE of winter wheat, and it could be an ideal water-saving and high-yield cultivation method in the study area.