梨不同树形对光效能及产量品质的影响

 针对乔砧老梨园高接换优后因树形不同产生的效益差距问题，通过对4种高接后不同树形乔砧梨园的枝量、冠层透光率、光和参数、叶片养分、产量和品质等相关数据进行了连续两年的调查研究，筛选并确定经济效益较高的适宜树形。研究结果表明：4种树形在总枝量、短枝量及短枝/总枝量基本均衡的前提下，树冠内不同部位的透光率、有效光辐射和叶片的净光合速率、鲜样质量、养分含量均有显著差别，进而导致不同树形间果实产量和品质的差异。综合分析认为，乔砧大冠梨园改造转形宜选单层开心形，而中小冠梨树高接换优宜采用细纺锤形。

The Effects of Different Tree Shapes of Pear on the Light and Fruit Yield and Quality

The profitability is different in the modification of standard rootstock and big canopy with different tree shapes in current pear cultivation. The aim is to select and determine the suitable tree shapes by measuring the amount of shoots,canopy transmittance,photosynthetic characteristics,leaf nutrients, fruit yield and qualities in the process of modification. This study was carried out in four tree shapes for two consecutive years. The results showed that the photosynthetic active radiation,the net photosynthetic rate,transmittance,the leaf fresh weight as well as the leaf nutrient contents of N,P,K were significantly different in the four tree shapes with the same total shoots,the number of spur shoot and the ratio of spur shoot and total shoot. The yield and fruit qualities were also different in the four tree shapes. The conclusion was obtained that the single open centre shape in pear should be selected in the modification of pear with standard rootstock and big canopy,while the tall-spindle was better in other canopies when the top-grafting for variety improving was carried out.