巢湖浮游甲壳动物功能群时空变化及其影响因子分析

为研究巢湖中浮游甲壳动物功能群的时空变化特征及其主要影响因子,在巢湖的主要河口区以及敞水区共设置了20个采样点,对浮游甲壳动物群落结构和水环境因子进行了调查和分析。结果表明：（1）巢湖河口区的8个采样点中共鉴定出枝角类10属21种,桡足类11属16种;敞水区12个点中鉴定出枝角类9属18种,桡足类12属13种;共22属39种。（2）巢湖河口区和敞水区浮游甲壳动物平均密度为530.8 ind·L^-1和506.3 ind·L^-1,平均生物量分别为14.7 ind·L^-1和21.5 ind·L^-1;浮游甲壳动物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数显示巢湖秋季河口区的污染程度高于敞水区。（3）巢湖浮游甲壳动物按照体型大小和食性可划分5个功能群,其中,河口区有SCF、LCF共2个优势功能群,敞水区有SCF、LCF、MCF共3个优势功能群,SCF在功能群中占绝对的优势地位。（4）水温是影响河口区和敞水区浮游甲壳动物功能群主要的环境理化因子;巢湖敞水区中浮游甲壳动物LCF功能群能显著影响SCF、MCC、LCC等功能群。巢湖河口区污染程度高于敞水区,巢湖的富营养化治理和藻类水华控制应侧重于河口区的外源污染治理;敞水区可以通过调整浮游甲壳动物功能群结构重建水生生态系统。

Spatial-temporal variations of planktonic crustacean functional groups and analysis for the impact factors in Chaohu Lake

In order to study the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of crustacean zooplankton functional groups and their main influencing factors in Chaohu Lake, 20 sampling points were set up in the main estuary and pelagic areas of Chaohu Lake to investigate and analyze the community structure of crustacean zooplankton and water environmental factors. The results showed that: (1) A total of 21 species of 10 genera of cladocera and 16 species of 11 genera of copepods were identified in 8 sampling sites in Chaohu estuary; 18 species of 9 genera of cladocerans and 13 species of 12 genera of copepods were identified in 12 sites of pelagic areas; a total of 22 genera and 39 species. (2)The average density of crustaceans in estuary and pelagic of Chaohu Lake was 530.8 ind·L^-1 and 506.3 ind·L^-1, and the average biomass was 14.7 ind·L^-1 and 21.5 ind·L^-1, respectively; the Shannon-Wiener diversity index of crustacean zooplankton showed that the pollution degree in the estuary area of Chaohu Lake in autumn was higher than that in the pelagic area. (3)The crustaceans in Chaohu Lake could be divided into 5 functional groups according to their body size and feeding habit. Among them, there were 2 dominant functional groups of SCF and LCF in estuary, and 3 dominant functional groups of SCF, LCF and MCF in pelagic area. (4)Water temperature was the main environmental physical and chemical factor affecting the functional groups of planktonic crustaceans in estuary and pelagic area; the LCF functional group of planktonic crustaceans in the pelagic area of Chaohu Lake can significantly affect SCF, MCC,