兴隆庄采煤对农田景观格局的影响及景观重建

通过对兖州兴隆庄矿区农田在采矿前后、复垦前后的景观格局变化情况的分析，得出如下结论：煤矿区农田在井工开采干扰下，农田景观过程及格局变化取决于采空区的形状、采厚、采深、煤层倾角、地表潜水位和顶板管理方法等，采矿区农田景观格局变化的范围远大于其对应的井工开采对应的采空区范围；采矿条件是影响矿区农田景观格局变化的主要因素，积水、坡地、裂缝是开采后农田景观主要格局；农田景观格局一般随着开采进度的开展，地表逐渐沉陷，由平坦农田转为坡耕地、积水，并且随着开采进度范围逐渐增大，斑块密度减少，斑块面积和斑块周长增加，农田集约程度下降；沉陷农田的景观形状指数较大，形状不规则，斑块形状指数仍然接近1，斑块沉陷边界规则，与区域地下煤层地势平缓相关。

Evolvement process and reconstruction of landscape pattern of reclaimed farmland in Xinglongzhuang coal mining area

This paper analyses the landscape pattern changes before and after coal mining, before and after reclamation in Xinglongzhuang mining area. Further realize the relationship between subsidence due to coal mining and farmland landscape process, revealed the general laws of the landscape evolvement in the reclaimed farmland, following conclusions are obtained in this paper: Under the disturbance of underground mining to farmland in coal mine area, farmland landscape process and pattern lies on some factors such as excavation shape, coal thickness, mining depth, coal obliquity, groundwater elevation and roof strata management. And the change scope of farmland landscape pattern in mining area is more than its corresponding mining district by underground mining. The mining condition is the major factor that influences on the landscape pattern of farmland in the mining area, and seeper, sloping farmland and crack are the main patterns of the farmland landscape after coal mining. Landscape patterns of farmland go generally along with the rate of mining progress, which will gradually leads to subsidence of the earth's surface, to the level farmland changing into sloping lands and seeper, and to increase of the scope, reduction of patch density, increases of patch area and its perimeter, and the decline of intensivism level of farmland with the increasing rate of mining progress. The landscape shape index of the subsided farmland is bigger, and its shape is irregular. The landscape shape index is still close to 1, and the border of subsided patches is regular, which is related to the smoothness of topography in coal seam.