陕西省丹汉江流域面源污染现状及防治对策

面源污染是丹江口水库水质安全的主要威胁。为了探寻陕西省丹汉江流域面源污染的总量及其组成,采用统计调查、参数计算、对比分析的方法,对目前陕西省丹汉江流域主要面源污染物的入河量及其贡献率等方面进行了研究。结果表明,丹汉江流域CODcr、氨氮、总氮、总磷的年入河量分别为103 053,19 851,213 453和39 838t。生活污水及人粪尿是产生CODcr污染的最主要来源,水土流失是产生氮磷污染的最主要来源。面源污染物入河量与污染源的基数、污染物含量、污染物分散程度等因素有关。建议在治理面源污染过程中采取加大水土流失治理力度,开展新农村建设和推广生态清洁小流域治理模式等措施。

Surface Pollution and Countermeasures in Danjiang-Hanjiang Watershed in Shaanxi Province

Surface pollution is the main threat to water quality of Danjiangkou Reservoir.In order to analyze the amount and form of surface pollution in Danjiang-Hanjiang watershed in Shaanxi Province,a study was carried out,and the amounts of the main surface pollutants transported into the rivers and their contribution rates were calculated using the methods of statistical investigation,parameter calculation and comparison analysis.The results indicated that the annual amounts of COD_cr,ammonia nitrogen,total-nitrogen,and total phosphorus transported into the two rivers were 103 053,19 851,213 453 and 39 838 t respectively.Domestic sewage,human excrement and urine are the main source of COD_cr pollution.Soil and water loss is the main source of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution.The amounts of surface pollutants transported into rivers are related to the factors such as pollution sources baseline,pollutant contents and pollutant scatter degree.It is suggested that more efforts should be invested in soil and water conservation,new countryside construction and extension of ecological and clean small watershed,etc.