施用鸡粪肥对土壤Cd、Pb、As 生物有效性及蔬菜生长的影响

通过田间小区试验，研究了种植木耳菜、茄子和不种菜处理条件下，鸡粪肥不同施用量对土壤重金属Cd、Pb、As 全量、有效态含量，蔬菜对重金属的吸收及蔬菜生长的影响。结果表明，鸡粪肥中Cd、As含量较高，能增加或保持土壤重金属全量，含量较低的Pb 也能在种植蔬菜时在土壤中累积，无外源添加时，土壤As 全量会随种植过程显著降低。施肥量为12 000 kg/hm2时，种植蔬菜处理土壤Cd 有效性增加最为明显，施肥量为8 000、12 000、16 000 kg/hm2时，3 种种植处理土壤As 有效性均会降低。木耳菜中Cd、Pb 随着施肥量增加呈先减少后增加趋势，As呈先增加后减少趋势。木耳菜产量随施肥量增加呈先升高后降低趋势，在12 000 kg/hm2时达到最高，施肥量对茄子产量和生物量影响不显著。

Effects of chicken manure application on bioavailabilityof Cd, Pb and As in soil and vegetable growth

A field experiment was conducted to investigate effects of chicken manure application on bioavailability ofheavy metals Cd, Pb and As in soil and vegetable growth. On the treatment sites Malabar spinach (Gynura cusimbua), eggplant(Solanum melongena) and no vegetable were planted respectively with different amounts of chicken manure fertilization. All theresponses of total heavy metal contents (Cd, Pb and As) and their availability in soil, heavy metal uptake by vegetables and theirgrowth were measured. The results showed that contents of Cd and As were high in chicken manure, which increased or kept thetotal heavy metal contents in soil. Also, the heavy metal Pb with relatively low contents in chicken manure could accumulate insoil after planting vegetables. With no chicken manure fertilizer, the total content of As in soil decreased significantly afterplanting vegetables. When the chicken manure amount was 12 000 kg/hm2, the Cd bioavailability in the soil with vegetableplanting increased most than other treatments. And when the chicken manure amounts were 8 000, 12 000 and 16 000 kg/hm2,the As bioavailability in soil with three different planting treatments all decreased. The Cd and Pb contents in Malabar spinachfirst decreased and then increased, while As content displayed contrary tendency. Besides, the yields of Malabar spinach firstincreased and then decreased with the chicken manure fertilizer increasing. But the fertilizer amount had no significant effect onthe yield and biomass of eggplant.