利用生物多样性控制豇豆病虫害

利用生物多样性,将不同抗性的豇豆品种与辣椒、苦瓜、西红柿、洋姜、落葵等作物进行多样性种植,根据豇豆田间主要病虫害和天敌的发生发展情况,品种的抗性,病虫害的控制效果,天敌种类和数量的变化情况、不同组合不同栽培方式的产量效应调查,结果表明:①生物多样性种植对病虫害有明显的控制效果。对白粉病的平均控效幅度为19.82%~80.62%;对豆荚螟的控效幅度为11.11%~66.67%,红蜘蛛为21.53%~47.4%,斑潜蝇为11.5%~45.8%。②不同组合及其栽培方式的增产效果不同。增产因组合不同而不同,幅度为600~3390 kg/hm2。③天敌总数间作比净作增加30.56%.④诱导植物美菘菜和金盏菊对斑潜蝇有很好的效果,早期叶片受害率为达90%以上;美菘菜对菜青虫的效果最好,高峰期叶片受害率达100%。

Preliminary study on control cowpea diseases and pests by bio-diversity

Based on the principle of biological diversity,some cowpea varieties with different resistance were mix-planted with pepper,balsam pear,tomato,Jerusalem artichoke and malabar spinach.The occurrence and development of the main cowpea diseases and pests and their natural enemies,cowpea resistance to diseases and pests,control effect on diseases and pests,change of natural enemies and yields in different plots were recorded.The results showed that there was obvious control effect on cowpea disease and pests through the mixed planting model of biological diversity.Length of control effect of powdery mildew was 19.82 %-80.62 %,Length of control effect on bean pod borer,Sagami spider mite,leaf miner was 11.11 %-66.67 %,21.53 %-47.4 % and 11.5 %-45.8 %,respectively.And the results indicated that effects of increasing yields were different in different mixed-planting model.The range of increasing yields was 600-3390 kg/ hm~2.It was investigated that the increase rate of natural enemies is about 30.56 %.In addition,the control effect of Meisongcai and Marigold as the inducing plants on leaf miner was remarkable.It reached about 90 % of damaged rate in inducing plants.Inducing effect of Meisongcai on cabbage caterpillar was the best,and the damaged rate of leaf at the peak reached to 100 %.