基于GIS的南疆地区人居环境适宜性评价

人居环境适宜性评价是个综合的多学科集合,它不但包括人居环境自然适宜性评价还包括社会经济适宜性。文中借助GIS平台,系统的归纳了国内外人居环境评价研究的理论基础和应用研究成果,采用综合评价模型,基于DEM数据、NDVI数据、多年平均气温、降水量、人口和GDP等要素的栅格数、以1km×1km的栅格尺度直接反映了南疆地区适宜性的空间分布特征。结果表明:1)植被、地形、气温等各种自然因素与社会经济因素在空间上的适当结合分布对南疆人居环境的发展和分布具有重要的决定作用;2)南疆地区大部分地区受到自然环境条件的限制,人居环境适宜性中一级适宜区(最好适宜区)的面积最少,占全研究区的3.092%,二级适宜区占7.15%,三级区占8.39%,四级适宜区和五级适宜区的面积最广,占全研究区的81.17%,表明自然环境基础十分恶劣;3)研究区内除了现已开发利用的绿洲面积以外现未开发的交错带具有较好的自然环境条件和人居环境发展的潜能,但是此地区的生态环境相当脆弱,在今后的发展规划当中需要大量的关注。

Assessment of residential environment suitability for southern Xinjiang based on GIS

In this article,By help of the GIS software,we systematically summarized the theoretical basis and study results of residential environment evaluation domestic and abroad.Through applying the comprehensive assessment model,based on grid data such as DEM,NDVI,the average temperature and precipitation of many years,GDP,population,with the 1km×1km grid scale,it directly reflected the spatial distribution trait of residential environment suitability in southern XinJiang. The results showed that firstly,the spatial suitable combination of vegetation,topography,climate and other natural and socio-economic factors,has an important role in the development and distribution of residential environment in South Xinjiang;Secondly,most parts of southern Xinjiang are affected by restrictions of natural environmental conditions.In the suitability of residential environment for sothern Xinjiang,the proportion of high suitability area is the least,which accounts for 3.092% of the total study area,second level suitable area accounts for 7.15%,third level suitable area accounts for 8.39%,less suitable area and not suitable areas accounts for 81.17%.It indicated that the natural environment is very bad;Thirdly,in the whole study area except the oasis which has been developed,undeveloped pastoral zone has good natural development conditions and human settlements potential,but this region`s ecological environment is rather fragile,so in the future development planning it requires a lot of attention.