黔西北典型喀斯特小流域综合治理的生态效益研究

对黔西北毕节石桥小流域不同等级石漠化土地综合治理过程的生态效益进行监测研究,结果表明:不同石漠化土地类型在生态治理过程中,地表植被覆盖度逐渐提高,由2006年的23.5%提高到2009年的64.47%;改善了小气候,各等级石漠化平均光照强度都有所下降,空气湿度提高;改善了土壤理化性质,增加了土壤孔隙度,减小了土壤紧实度,土壤结构改良,土壤中全氮含量逐渐上升;水土流失得到有效控制,土壤侵蚀深度总体呈下降趋势,由2006年的平均值0.864mm下降到2009年的平均值0.72mm。这一结果揭示了喀斯特石漠化地区在没有人为干扰破坏生态环境条件下,生态恢复系统能力较强,随时间延长保水和保土能力逐步增强。

Ecological benefit of the ecological rehabilitation on the Karst rocky desertification land in small Karst basin in Northwestern Guizhou

The ecological benefit of comprehensive treatments on the rocky desertification land with different grades were monitored and analyzed.The results showed at first,in the process of the ecological management,the rocky desertification land’s vegetation coverage had gradually increased from 23.5% in 2006 to 64.47% in 2009;Secondly,the microclimate was improving,the average illuminational intensity of each rank stony desertification declined and air humidity was increasing;The third one was that the physical and chemical properties and porosity of soil improved,thus soil compaction degree reduced;The forth one was that soil nitrogen content increased with the improve of soil structure.On the other hand,soil erosion was controled effectively.At the same time,the erosion depth overall declined and there was a greater decline of the average values from 0.864mm in 2006 to 0.72mm in 2009.The water and soil conservation ability of the ecological system gradually enhanced.