典型黑土区水土保持生态抗旱技术措施体系的构建——以黑龙江省拜泉县为例

[目的]对典型黑土区水土保持生态抗旱技术措施体系的构建进行探讨,以期为该区生态农业可持续发展提供理论支持。[方法]以半干旱半湿润、水土流失严重的拜泉县为研究区,运用生态学原理,采取水量平衡分析的方法,对该区生态抗旱措施体系进行构建和效果评估。[结果](1)确定了区域内各项水土保持生态抗旱措施的优化配置比例。(2)生态抗旱技术措施体系缓解了旱情的发生,2005—2009年区域内基本无春旱发生;与相邻县份相比,10a间旱灾发生频率减少了28.5%。(3)水量平衡分析表明,区域水资源利用率提高了13.6%。[结论]水土保持生态抗旱是半干旱半湿润水土流失区生态建设的一种有效途径,拜泉县生态抗旱技术措施体系的构建取得了显著的生态、经济和社会效益。不同地区应根据自然条件和环境特点构建适合本区域的生态抗旱技术措施体系。

Systematic Configuration of Ecological Measures of Soil and Water Conservation for Drought Resistance in Typical Black Soil Region-A Case Study of Baiquan County, Heilongjiang Province

[Objective] The configuration of ecological systematic measures of soil and water conservation for drought resistance in typical black soil region was discussed to provide theoretical support for the sustainable development of ecological agriculture in the region.[Methods] Under the principle of ecology, and method of water balance analysis was adopted, the drought relief system constructed by ecological measures of Baiquan County was built and evaluated. The county lied in an transition from semi-arid area to sub-humid area, where soil was seriously eroded.[Results] (1) The proportion of ecological drought relief measures that focus on soil and water conservation in the region was optimized. (2) Ecological measures for drought relief system eased off drought disaster. E.g., spring drought almost never happened from 2005 to 2009 in the region. In average, drought frequency decreased by 28.5% in comparison with that of adjacent counties in 10 years. (3) Water balance analysis showed that the regional water utilization ratio increased by 13.6%.[Conclusion] Ecological drought relief measures for soil and water conservation is an effective way of ecological construction for semi-arid sub-humid and soil loss region. It had obtained significant ecological, economic and social benefits in the case of systematic configuration of ecological measures for drought resistant in Baiquan county. The drought resistant measures should be configured according to local natural conditions and environmental characteristics.