北太平洋公海日本鲭资源分布及其渔场环境特征

根据2014~2015年两年收集的北太平洋公海围拖网作业的日本鲭(Scomber japonicas,又称鲐鱼)生产月度数据,结合同期卫星遥感反演技术获取的海表温度(SST)、海水叶绿素a(Chl-a)浓度、海流等环境数据,运用渔获量重心法,地统计插值等方法,分析了北太平洋公海鲐鱼的资源分布情况与渔获量重心的时空变化及其与主要环境因子之间的关系。研究表明,鲐鱼渔场季节性差异明显,渔场重心集中分布在39°N~43°N、147°E~154°E范围内。两年渔场重心均呈现先向东北方向移动,自9月开始再向西南方向移动的趋势。GAM模型显示,北太平洋鲐鱼渔场的最适海表温度范围是16~18℃,最适叶绿素a浓度范围是0.3~0.8 mg·m~(-3),空间上集中分布在40°N~41°N、148°E~151°E,海流对鲐鱼渔场形成尤为重要。

Distribution of resource and environment characteristics of fishing ground of Scomber japonicas in the North Pacific high seas

Resource abundance, temporal-spatial changes of fishing ground centroids and the relationship with influential environmental factors of chub mackerel were analyzed with the method of production gravity center, statistical interpolation, through environmental data like the sea surface temperature(SST), sea chlorophyll-a(Chl-a) concentration and ocean current got by satellite remote sensing inversion technology and monthly trawling and purse seine product data of chub mackerel in the North Pacific high seas in 2014-2015.The results shows that the fishing ground of chub mackerel have significant seasonal differences, and the gravity center of fishing ground distributed in the range of 39°N-43°N、147°E-154°E, which moved from northeast to southwest in September.Generalized additive models (GAM) indicates that the optimal sea surface temperature of chub mackerel is 16-18 ℃, the optimal chlorophyll-a concentration is 0.3-0.8 mg·m-3, and the space distribution is centralized in 40°N-41°N、148°E-151°E in the North Pacific Ocean. Sea current is important for the formation of chub mackerel fishing ground.