粳稻叶片茸毛和谷壳稃毛的分布特征及毛数的遗传分析

在光学显微镜下观察了粳稻叶片茸毛在叶面上的分布特征和谷壳稃毛在谷壳上的分布特征。调查了粳稻3个杂交组合的P1、P2、F1、B1（F1/P1)、B2(F1/P2) 和F2共6个世代的叶片茸毛数和谷壳稃毛数，运用主基因+多基因混合遗传模型6个世代联合分析的方法，对这两个性状进行了遗传分析。结果发现，叶片茸毛有规律地分布在叶面的暗绿条带和淡绿条带的交界线上，形状是基部膨大，顶端细小；谷壳稃毛无规律地分布在整个谷壳上，长短不一。在泗稻10号A/武育粳3号R与武育粳3号A/泗稻10号R正反交组合中叶片茸毛数均受1对加性主基因+加性 显性多基因共同控制，在六盐189A/HR 122组合中叶片茸毛数受1对加性 显性主基因+加性 显性多基因共同控制； 在3个杂交组合中谷壳稃毛数均受1对加性主基因+加性 显性多基因共同控制；叶片茸毛数和谷壳稃毛数都以主基因遗传为主。

Distribution Characterization of Leaf Pubescence and Hull Pubescence and Genetic Analyses of Their Numbers in japonica Rice(Oryza sativa)

Distribution characteristics of leaf pubescence on leaf blade and hull pubescence on hull were observed under an optical microscope. The numbers of leaf pubescences and hull pubescences in P1,P2,F1,B1(F1/P1),B2 (F1/P2) and F2 generations were investigated in three combinations of japonica rice,and genetic analyses for the two traits were conducted using the joint analysis method of P1,P2,F1,B1(F1/P1),B2(F1/P2) and F2 generations with mixed major gene plus polygene inheritance models. Leaf pubescence scattered regularly on the boundary line between sap green stripe and pea green stripe of leaf blade with intumescent fundus and exiguous top. Hull pubescence scattered irregularly on the whole hull with distinct length. The number of leaf pubescences was controlled by one pair of major genes with additive effect plus polygenes with additive-dominance effects in reciprocal combinations of Sidao 10A/Wuyujing 3R and Wuyujing 3A/Sidao 10R,and one pair of major genes with additive-dominance effect plus polygenes with additive-dominance effects in combination of Liuyan 189A/HR-122. Number of hull pubescences was controlled by one pair of major genes with additive effect plus polygenes with additive-dominance effects in all the three combinations. The numbers of leaf pubescences and hull pubescences were all mainly governed by major genes.