水果过敏及其过敏原基因组学研究进展

水果是我国十类主要过敏食物之一,水果过敏与人体遗传、环境和水果种类等多因素相关,常与花粉过敏发生交叉反应,是影响农产品安全和人们生活质量的新问题。水果过敏症状包括轻微的口腔过敏综合症和较严重的全身系统性反应。水果中过敏蛋白是过敏疾病的诱因,主要为病程相关蛋白、抑制蛋白和一些酶类物质。早期应用免疫学方法鉴定了一些水果过敏原的分子量范围,近几年通过基因组学和蛋白质组学研究,确定其蛋白性质和结构特性。苹果和桃过敏原基因家族的不同成员已定位到国际参照连锁图谱上,这为研究不同品种的过敏性差异以及选育低过敏品种奠定了基础。人们已通过RNA干扰等基因工程技术获得苹果和番茄等作物的低过敏植株。首先简要介绍水果过敏的历史、发病机制、国内外临床数据和过敏症状,其次以蔷薇科为例论述相关过敏蛋白家族以及结构,重点介绍了过敏原基因组学最新研究成果,并探讨了低过敏品种培育的新途径以及过敏诊断和治疗新方法。

Fruit allergy and genomic research on their allergens

Fruit is one of the ten major sensitizing foods in China.Fruit allergy is a new health problem related to food safety that affects the quality of life.The occurrence of fruit allergy involves many factors,including human heredity,environment,fruit species and variety.Fruit allergy is often cross-reactive with pollen allergy;its symptoms are divided into two classes: mild reactions limited to oral cavity and systemic reactions.Fruit allergens are distributed into few protein families,such as pathogenesis rel...