气候变化对豫西旱地冬小麦生育的影响及对策

以豫西伊川县为例，分析丘陵区旱地冬小麦生育期气候变化规律。观测资料表明，冬小麦生育期气温呈上升而降水呈减少趋势，以春季气温增幅和降水减幅最大。气候变暖，使冬小麦发育进程加快，除分蘖期、越冬开始期和抽穗期推迟外，其余发育期均有所提前，以成熟期表现最为明显，每10年提前4．90d，其次为返青期，每10年提前3．30d。生育前期，播种至起身期发育间隔日数明显缩短，越冬期推迟，开花至乳熟期间隔日数稍有缩短。起身至开花期发育期间隔日数延长，全生育期每10年缩短了9．05d。产量结构因素表现为：有效穗数每10年减少44．65茎／m2，穗粒数每10年减少3．70粒，千粒重每10年增加2．24g。针对气候变化对豫西旱地冬小麦生长发育、产量因素的影响，提出了适应气候变化的对策。

Effect and Countermeasures of Climate Change on Winter Wheat Growing in Dry Land of Western Henan

Take the Yuxi Yichuan County as an example,the climate changes of dry land winter wheat growing period in hilly area were analyzed.Observational data indicated that the stage of winter wheat had a tendency of increased temperatures and decreased precipitation,the increase amplitude of temperature and amplitude reduction of precipitation in the spring were largest.Climate warming speeded up the process of winter wheat,with the exception of tillering stage,heading stage of the winter period and heading stage ...