不同临采期喷施赤霉素对“糖心”苹果“糖心”累积及贮藏品质的影响

针对阿克苏“糖心”苹果“糖心”出现晚、上市迟、不耐贮藏问题,本研究以“糖心”苹果为试材,研究田间不同临采时间(10 d和20 d)喷施100 mg/L赤霉素(GA₃)处理,对(0±0.1)℃贮藏的“糖心”苹果“糖心”调控能力及贮藏品质的影响。结果表明,“糖心”苹果在贮藏100 d内,L*值(亮度)、硬度、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸含量均随贮藏时间的延长呈下降趋势,与对照(喷施等量蒸馏水)相比,采前喷施100 mg/L GA₃处理的果实能显著延缓这些指标值的下降速率,利于果实的整体视觉质量维持,保持果实“糖心”完整。同时,与采前10 d喷施GA₃处理相比较,采前20 d喷施GA₃的“糖心”苹果丙二醛(MDA)含量、相对电导率变化较小,尤其在100 d贮藏结束时,其MDA含量仅增至2.813 mmol/g,相对电导率为49.1%,有效地维持了果实细胞膜结构的完整性。综上所述,采前喷施100 mg/L GA₃可调控“糖心”提前出现,促进“糖心”积累,而采前20 d喷施GA₃能显著延缓采后水心扩散,并能更好地保持果实采后生理及品质,提高“糖心”苹果耐贮性。

Effects of Gibberellin Spraying during Different Pre-harvest Periods on 'Sugar Core' Accumulation and Storage Quality of 'Sugar Core 'Apples

In order to solve the problems in‘sugar core’apples including late‘sugar core’appearing,delayed marketing and intolerant storage,the‘sugar core’apples in Aksu Red Flag Slope Orchard were employed as the test materials,and their regulation capacities on‘sugar core’and storage qualities were further investigated after spraying 100 mg/L gibberellic acid(GA₃)for 10 days and 20 days and stored at(0±0.1)℃for 100 days.The results showed that the value of L*,firmness,soluble solids and titratable acid contents in‘sugar core’apple during 100 d storage were gradually declined with the extension of storage time.Compared with control group,100 mg/L GA₃ treatment could significantly delay these descent rates,which would be beneficial to maintain the overall visual qualities and the integrity of‘sugar cores’.Additionally,compared with spraying GA₃10 days before harvest,the malondialdehyde(MDA)content and relative conductivity of apples sprayed 20 days before harvest showed little changes,especially on the 100th day of storage,when the MDA content and relative conductivity only increased to 2.813 mmol/g and 49.1%,respectively,which effectively maintained the integrity of fruit cell membrane structure.Therefore,spraying 100 mg/L GA₃ before harvest could bring forward the appearance of‘sugar core’and promote their accumulation,while spraying GA₃20 days before harvest could significantly delay the diffusion of watercore,maintain the postharvest physiology and quality of fruits preferably,and improve the storability of fruits.