Preharvest applications of growth regulators and their effect on postharvest quality of table grapes during cold storage |
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| Authors: | Juan Pablo Zoffoli Bernardo A Latorre Paulina Naranjo |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Viticulture and Technology Development, University of Pécs, Pázmány Péter 4, 7634 Pécs, Hungary;2. Department of Plant Physiology, University of Pécs, Ifjúság 6, 7624 Pécs, Hungary;3. State Research Institute for Viticulture and Pomiculture, Traubenplatz 5, 74189 Weinsberg, Germany;1. Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, Cesena (FC) 47521, Italy;2. Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy;3. COOP Italia, Via del Lavoro 1, Casalecchio di Reno (BO) 40033, Italy;1. Department of Arid Land Agriculture, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box. 80208, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia;2. Pomology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, El-Mansoura, Egypt;3. Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box. 80208, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia;4. Molecular Biology Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt;5. Chemistry Department, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-qunfudah University College, Al-qunfudah Center for Scientific Research (QCSR), Saudi Arabia;1. Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal;2. BioTrop, Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical, I.P. (IICT), Lisbon, Portugal;3. GeoBioTec, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal |
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| Abstract: | Over 54,600 ha of table grapes (Vitis vinifera), mainly cvs. ‘Thompson Seedless’, ‘Flame Seedless’ and ‘Redglobe’, are planted in Chile. Almost the entire production is exported to the USA, Europe, Asia, or one of several Latin American countries, which typically requires 15–40 d of maritime transportation. During this period, several physical, physiological, and pathological factors cause table grape deterioration. Because berry size is the main quality factor in international markets, farmers often overuse the growth regulators, gibberellic acid (GA3) and forchlorfenuron (CPPU), in an effort to increase berry size. We examined the effect of preharvest growth regulators on seedless (‘Thompson Seedless’, and ‘Ruby Seedless’) and seeded (‘Redglobe’) table grape cultivars during cold (0 °C) storage plus a shelf life period of 3 d at 20 °C. The overuse of GA3, eight instead of two GA3 applications on Thompson Seedless, and the use of one GA3 application on Redglobe and ‘Ruby Seedless’, increased berry pedicel thickness and lowered cuticle content but induced shatter and predisposed grapes to gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea. In contrast, CPPU increased berry pedicel thickness and cuticle content but did not increase shatter or gray mold incidence. Clusters that were subjected to overuse of combined GA3 and CPPU were highly sensitive to shatter, had the thickest pedicel, and developed a high gray mold incidence during cold storage. Hairline, a fine cracking developed during cold storage, was induced on ‘Thompson Seedless’ and ‘Ruby Seedless’ by growth regulators, but no hairline occurred on ‘Redglobe’ table grapes. Therefore, berry quality during cold storage is greatly influenced by growth regulator management in the vineyard. |
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