黑龙江省大庆地区景观格局变化及其生态影响研究

基于大庆地区1978、1988、1992、1996、2001年5个时段的MSS和TM影像,获取20 a来不同时期的土地利用景观变化信息,以G IS技术为数据集成分析平台,选取面积比重、平均斑块面积和斑块数量等来分析大庆地区的景观结构变化特征;采用破碎化指数、形状指数、多样性、优势度和均匀度等景观指数分析大庆地区的景观异质性变化;引用特定转移过程贡献率计算研究区内各时段景观格局指数和景观组分转移贡献率,分析土地利用的景观格局特征及其演变。结果表明：草地退化,湿地萎缩和功能减退,沙化和盐碱化日趋严重等生态过程,是大庆地区土地利用变化的景观生态过程响应,恢复与建设生态脆弱的资源型城市的景观生态系统,须对景观尺度上的土地利用方式进行合理的调控。

Study on Landscape Pattern Changes and Its Ecological Impact in Daqing of Heilongjiang Province

Based on the MSS and TM images in five periods of 1978,1988,1992,1996 and 2001 in Daqing district,the information of landscape changes in 20 years was obtained.Taking GIS technology as the analyzing platform of data integration,the area proportion,average patch area and patch quantity were selected to analyze the features of landscape structure change in Daqing.Meanwhile,the fragmentation index,patch shape index,patch area weighting index,diversity index,dominance index and evenness index were applied to analyze landscape heterogeneity changes in Daqing.The contribution rate of particular conversion process were used to calculate the landscape pattern index and element transfer contribution rate in each period,which was helpful to analyze the characteristics of landscape pattern and its evolution.The results showed that grassland degradation,wetland shrivel,severe desertification and salinization were the responses of landscape ecological process in Daqing district.In order to recover and construct the fragile landscape ecosystem of resource-based city,it is essential to adjust the land use methods effectively.