钝缀锦蛤形态性状对活体质量的影响

基于钝缀锦蛤 (Tapes dorsatus) 规模化养殖面临的种苗供应问题，采用单因素对比实验法，开展了钝缀锦蛤苗种繁育关键技术研究，为其种苗大规模培育提供参考。结果表明：1) 在人工控温条件下，采用虾塘复合藻代替纯种单胞藻对亲本进行促熟，促熟率比对照组提高了282.6%。2) 通过升温加阴干诱导等一系列措施进行催产，亲贝催产率比对照组提高了50.9%。3) 通过添加益生菌构建有益微生态系统，育苗期间不换水，幼虫浮游期成活率、生长速度和稚贝育成率等指标均显著高于对照组。4) 采用立体采苗器结合池底进行立体附苗，稚贝育成率和单位面积产量分别提高了76.6%和76.5%。5) 按体质量5%上选的亲贝作为选育组，稚贝的壳长、体质量和稚贝育成率分别比对照组提高了6.67%、17.03%和8.43%；壳长和体质量变异系数分别降低了29.13%和55.29%；稚贝期壳长和体质量的现实遗传力“h²”分别达到0.65和0.72。采用研究建立的集成创新技术进行钝缀锦蛤人工育苗，可获得显著的经济效益，为实现种苗的规模化生产奠定了基础。

Hatchery production of diploid and triploid clams, Tapes dorsatus (Lamarck 1818): a potential new species for aquaculture

Based on the problem of seedling supply of Tapes dorsatus, we studied the key techniques of seedling breeding of T. dorsatus by a single factor comparison test, so as to provide references for its large-scale artificial breeding. The results show that: 1) With artificial temperature control, we used the compound algae in shrimp pond to promote the ripening of the parents instead of the pure monocytic algae, and the ripening rate was 282.6% higher than that of the control group. 2) By means of a series of measures such as warming and drying in shade to induce spawning, the rate of induced spawning increased by 50.9% compared with the control group. 3) In order to establish a closed seedling technology model, we added effective microorganisms to build a beneficial micro-ecosystem, and did not change the water during the seedling breeding period. The results reveal that the survival rate of larvae in pelagic period, juvenile growth rate and juvenile rearing rate were significantly higher than those of the control group. 4) We collected the spats by using vertival seedling collection combined with the bottom of the pool. The juvenile rearing rate and yield per unit area increased by 76.6% and 76.5%, respectively. 5) Taking the parents with body mass above 5% as breeding group, the shell length, body mass of juvenile and juvenile rearing rate increased by 6.67%, 17.03% and 8.43%, respectively compared with the control group. However, the variable coefficients of juvenile shell length and body mass decreased by 29.13% and 55.29%, respectively. The realized heritability