河北怀来地区马瑟兰葡萄果实品种香气组成分析

目的建立欧亚种葡萄马瑟兰体细胞胚再生体系，为其遗传转化体系的建立奠定基础。方法以马瑟兰的花蕾和未成熟种子为外植体，研究2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸、褪黑素、6-苄氨基嘌呤和噻苯隆激素不同组合(Fow1~6和Ims1~6)对其体细胞胚的诱导作用。结果马瑟兰花蕾在 Fow6 培养基上以及未成熟种子在 Ims2 和 Ims5 培养基上愈伤诱导率最高，可达 67.19%~78.00%；将其培养 12~14 周后的愈伤组织转移到 EM6 培养基上持续培养，花蕾愈伤组织未能得到体细胞胚，而来源于 Ims3 培养基的未成熟种子愈伤组织具有较高的体细胞胚发生率(6.77%)，并可在 EM6 培养基上正常成苗；SCM6 培养基有利于愈伤组织悬浮培养，可获得大量增殖良好的非胚性细胞团，细胞学观察结果表明愈伤细胞状态良好。结论以马瑟兰未成熟种子为外植体，首次建立了其体细胞胚再生体系和愈伤组织悬浮培养体系，对其遗传转化体系的建立、品质相关基因功能验证和分子育种等研究具有良好的支撑作用。

A review of genetic improvement of main fruit trees through modern biotechnological tools and considerations of the cultivation and research of the engineered plant restrictions

PurposeTo establish somatic embryogenesis in Vitis vinifera L. cv. ‘Marselan’, and to provide new data for enhancing the theoretic basis for the establishment of genetic transformation system. MethodsFlower buds and immature seeds of Marselan were used as explant, and the effects of different hormone combinations and hormone levels (Fow1-6 and Ims1-6) on the somatic embryogenesis were studied. The hormone of medium were supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, melatonin, N-(phenylmethyl)-9H-purin-6-amine and thidiazuron. ResultsFlower buds from Marselan occurred the highest callus induction rate in Fow6 medium, and the immature seed from Marselan occurred the highest callus induction rate in Ims2 and Ims5 medium, with the callus induction rate from 67.19% to 78.00%. After 12 to 14 weeks of culture, the callus were transferred to the EM6 medium. Among them, the flower buds had no somatic embryos formation, but the immature seeds callus on the Ims3 medium were successfully induced somatic embryogenesis, and the induction rate was 6.77%, which could be formed normally on EM6 medium. SCM6 medium was beneficial to cell suspension cultures, and a large number of cell masses with good proliferation could be obtained. Cytological observation showed that callus cells were in good condition. ConclusionThe somatic embryogenesis and the cell suspension cultures system of V. vinifera L. cv. ‘Marselan’ is firstly established, providing technical support for the establishment of genetic transformation system, the gene-verification and molecular breeding.