全国土壤污染状况调查公报

目的研究不同施肥模式对降低农田土壤重金属污染风险和减少蔬菜重金属含量的效果，为重金属污染农田土壤安全利用提供参考。方法采用田间试验方法，研究施用有机肥和化肥及其与碳酸钙石粉配施对镉(Cd)和铜(Cu)污染酸性土壤的pH值和重金属有效态含量动态变化以及结球生菜生长及其可食用部位Cd和Cu含量的影响。结果施用有机肥和碳酸钙石粉能提高土壤pH值，施用化肥会降低土壤pH值；与对照相比，单施有机肥22.5 t/hm²和配施有机肥22.5 t/hm²+碳酸钙石粉1.5 t/hm²处理在45 d时对土壤有效态Cd和Cu含量的降低效果更为明显(有效态Cd含量分别降低38.41%和43.12%，有效态Cu含量分别降低54.79%和53.79%)，而施用化肥不利于土壤有效态Cd和Cu含量的降低；与对照相比，单施有机肥22.5 t/hm²和配施有机肥22.5 t/hm²+碳酸钙石粉1.5 t/hm²分别使结球生菜产量增加184.33%和153.31%，生菜中Cd含量分别降低60.17%和36.40%，生菜中Cu含量分别降低47.27%和19.35%；施用化肥不能降低结球生菜中Cd和Cu含量。结论单施有机肥和有机肥与碳酸钙石粉配施能提高土壤pH，降低土壤Cd和Cu生物有效性，提高蔬菜产量及其安全品质。研究结果可为降低类似区域农田Cd和Cu污染风险以及提高蔬菜安全品质提供借鉴。

Bioremediation of heavy metals from soil and aquatic environment: an overview of principles and criteria of fundamental processes

PurposeTo study the effects of different fertilization patterns on reducing the risk of heavy metal pollution in farmland soil and the content of heavy metals in vegetables, so as to provide reference for the safe utilization of heavy metal polluted farmland soil. MethodA field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of organic fertilizer, chemical fertilizer and their combined application with calcium carbonate powder on the dynamic changes of pH value and available content of Cd and Cu in acidic soil, the growth of head lettuce and the enrichment of Cd and Cu in its edible parts. ResultsCombined application of organic fertilizer and calcium carbonate powder could increase the soil pH, while the application of chemical fertilizer reduced the soil pH. Compared with the control, the effect of application of organic fertilizer 22.5 t/hm² and combined application of organic fertilizer 22.5 t/hm²+calcium carbonate powder 1.5 t/hm² on reducing the content of available Cd and Cu in soil was more obvious at 45 days (the content of available Cd in soil decreased by 38.41% and 43.12%, respectively, and the content of available Cu in soil decreased by 54.79% and 53.79%, respectively); the application of chemical fertilizer was not conducive to the reduction of the content of available Cd and Cu in soil. Compared with the control, the application of organic fertilizer 22.5 t/hm² and the combination of organic fertilizer 22.5 t/hm²+calcium carbonate powder 1.5 t/hm² increased the yield of head lettuce by 184.33% and 153.31%, respectively; the content of Cd in lettuce decreased by 60.17% and 36.40%, respectively; the content of Cu in lettuce decreased by 47.27% and 19.35%, respectively; the application of chemical fertilizer could not reduce the contents of Cd and Cu in head lettuce. ConclusionThe application of organic fertilizer and the combination of organic fertilizer and calcium carbonate powder can improve soil pH, reduce the bioavailability of soil Cd and Cu, and improve the yield and safety quality of vegetables. The results can provide reference for reducing the risk of Cd and Cu pollution in farmland in similar areas and improving the safety and quality of vegetables.