国内外土壤侵蚀研究进展

  目的  土壤侵蚀引起的土壤有机碳动态变化对可持续土地利用与管理以及陆地碳收支具有重要意义，为了解该领域的前沿及发展方向，采用文献计量学方法探究近30年来土壤侵蚀与土壤有机碳动态研究进展及热点。  方法  本文基于Web of Science核心数据库和中国知网（CNKI）中文核心期刊数据库，采用CiteSpace软件和文献计量学方法，分析了国内外近30年土壤侵蚀与土壤有机碳动态研究的发展历程、研究热点和趋势。  结果  研究表明欧美国家在该领域的研究发展较早，尤其是美国无论是国际影响力还是国际合作紧密性均处于领先地位，我国虽起步较晚但处于稳步快速发展态势；国际上该领域的研究在1995 ~ 2004年间主要围绕耕作方式和农艺措施对土壤侵蚀与土壤有机碳动态的影响，进而发展为侵蚀条件下土壤微生物及其群落对土壤有机碳的影响；近十年逐渐向基于稳定性同位素技术的土壤侵蚀与土壤有机碳动态定量研究转变，同时土壤侵蚀导致的碳氮流失所造成的面源污染及侵蚀碳在全球碳循环中的作用也是近年来的研究热点。国内于1995 ~ 2004年在本领域的研究主要集中土壤侵蚀所造成的有机碳和养分流失的研究，而后逐渐发展为结合“3S”技术和土壤侵蚀模型，研究人类活动、土地利用及气候变化等因素对土壤侵蚀与土壤有机碳动态的影响。近五年结合核素示踪、光谱等技术，在国家政策引导下该领域逐步发展为从生态综合治理向生态文明建设为核心的问题导向研究。  结论  通过分析对比国内外土壤侵蚀与土壤有机碳动态研究的热点和前沿，提出我国在该领域今后研究的展望。

Soil carbon sequestration to mitigate climate change

Dynamic changes of soil organic carbon (SOC) caused by soil erosion are of great significance to the sustainable land use and management and terrestrial carbon balance. To understand the frontier and development direction of this research field, a bibliometric approach was used to investigate the research hot spots and progress of soil erosion and SOC dynamics in the past 30 years. Based on Web of Science database and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database, using CiteSpace software and bibliometrics methods, this paper analyzes the development history, research hotspot and trend of soil erosion and SOC dynamics in the past 30 years at home and abroad. The research showed that European and American countries have developed in the field of research, especially America is in a leading position in terms of international influence and close international cooperation. Although China started research in this field later than those countries, it maintained a steady and rapid development trend. Researches in this field were all over the world between 1995 and 2004, mainly focused on the effects of tillage and agronomic practices on soil erosion and SOC dynamics, and later shifted towards the influence of soil erosion induced soil microorganism and its community on SOC. In the recent years, quantitative studies on soil erosion and SOC dynamics based on stable isotope technology have gradually changed. Meanwhile, non-point source pollution caused by carbon and nitrogen loss caused by soil erosion and the role of eroded carbon in the global carbon cycle have also been a research focus. The domestic research in this field from 1995 to 2004 mainly focused on the loss of organic carbon and nutrients caused by soil erosion, and then gradually developed into a combination of