细胞色素P450介导的杂草抗药性研究进展

细胞色素P450(cytochrome P450)是一类重要的亚铁血红素-硫醇盐蛋白超家族, 属于单加氧酶, 广泛分布于生物界中。研究发现P450主要具有“生物合成”和“生物解毒”两大功能, 被誉为“万能的生物催化剂”。大多数除草剂在植物体内代谢的初始阶段即涉及植物细胞色素P450的作用。近些年, 由P450介导的抗药性杂草呈多发态势, 其复杂的抗性谱, 给杂草化学防除带来了新的挑战。本文对P450分类命名、P450与除草剂代谢的关系、P450抗性鉴定手段、P450介导抗性杂草发生情况、与除草剂代谢有关的植物细胞色素P450基因克隆等内容进行了综述, 旨在为该领域的相关研究提供参考。

Research progress on cytochrome P450-mediated weed resistance

Cytochrome P450 (P450) is an important superfamily of heme-thiolate proteins and belongs to the monooxygenase class, widely distributed throughout the biological realm. Studies have shown that plant P450s mainly serve two functions: “biosynthesis” and “biodegradation”, and are known as the “universal biocatalyst”. Notably, the initial detoxification of most herbicides in plants relies on the activity of cytochrome P450. In recent years, the prevalence of herbicide-resistant weeds mediated by P450s has escalated, showcasing a complex resistance spectrum and posing new challenges to agricultural production. This article undertakes a comprehensive review encompassing the classification and nomenclature of plant P450s, the interplay between P450s and herbicide metabolism, methodologies for identifying P450-mediated resistance, species of P450-mediated herbicide resistant weeds, and the cloning of plant cytochrome P450 genes related to herbicide metabolism. Our aim is to provide a valuable reference for the related research in this field.