施氮量对不同基因型小麦产量和干物质累积的影响

为了解基因型和施氮量对冬小麦产量和干物质累积的影响，以土壤肥力不同的温县大尚、赵堡为试验地点，在0、150、300 kg·hm-2施氮水平下研究了施氮量对15个基因型小麦产量和干物质累积的影响。结果表明，以籽粒产量差异的显著性关系为标准进行聚类分析，可将15个小麦品种分为高产、中产、低产三个类型。在3个施氮水平下，豫麦49198在两地都表现为高产，适应性和稳产性好，但两地没有共同的中产和低产品种类型。不同基因型小麦在整个生育期内干物质累积都呈“慢－快－慢”的动态模式，不同基因型小麦在开花和成熟期干物质累积量差异显著。氮肥对小麦干物质变化率影响最大的时期是开花期，最小的是分蘖期；在3个施氮水平下，各时期干物质增加率在基因型间差异不显著，然而两地都表现为在开花和成熟期干物质增加率最大的是高产基因型，最小的是低产基因型；施氮使高产基因型小麦的花后干物质转移率及花后干物质转移对籽粒产量的贡献率下降。

Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on Grain Yield and Dry Matter Accumulation for Different Genotypes of Winter Wheat

Effects of nitrogen on grain yield and dry matter accumulation for different genotypes of winter wheat were studied with 3 nitrogen rates (0、150 and 300 kg·hm~(-2)) in Dashang and Zhaobao of Wenxian county. The results showed that the 15 genotypes of winter wheat were classified relatively as high-yield, middle-yield and low-yield genotypes according to their difference in yield .At three nitrogen rates, Yumai 49-198 always exhibited high-yield in two sites, but there was no the same middle-yield and low-yield genotypes in two sites. The dry matter accumulation of 15 wheat genotypes showed "slow-quick-slow" dynamic mode, which from tillering to over-wintering increased the most fastly, and from over wintering to returning increased the most slowly. Significant differenece existed among fifteen genotypes on dry matter accumulation at anthesis and maturity .There were no obvious differences among high-yield, middle-yield and low-yield genotypes at three notrogen rates on the ratio of dry matter increase, but the high-yield genotypes got the biggest ratio of dry matter accumulate at anthesis and maturity, and the low-yield genotypes were the lowest. The transfer percentage and contribute percentage of dry matter declined as the increase of nitrogen rate.