基于生态足迹的建设用地可持续容量测算——以冀东山地丘陵区为例

建设用地可持续利用水平关系着区域社会经济的可持续发展。本文基于生态足迹理论与方法,提出表征区域经济可持续发展所容纳建设用地的可持续容量和反映建设用地扩张程度的过度扩张系数两个概念,并以冀东山地丘陵区典型县卢龙县为例,测算了其满足可持续发展的建设用地容量,并探讨影响该区建设用地扩张的主要因素。结果表明:1997—2008年卢龙县人均生态足迹、承载力和生态赤字分别为1.766 7、0.538 1和1.2285 hm2,平均每年增长3.40%、1.73%和4.29%,表明生态足迹增长速度明显高于承载力的增长,生态经济系统发展面临着严峻形势;建设用地出现较大的生态盈余,历年平均为0.131 3 hm2,卢龙县一直处于不可持续发展状态,建设用地严重扩张。建设用地可持续容量近年来处于上升状态,但过度扩张系数大于2.20,建设用地供给远超过建设用地需求,建设用地存在较为严重的过度扩张现象;预测结果显示:2015年和2020年建设用地面积均小于现有建设用地规模,且分别不宜超过8 267和11 499 hm2。根据研究过程和思路分析建设用地扩张的影响因素,指出现阶段卢龙县建设用地扩张主要靠经济因素拉动。

Sustainable capacity calculation of construction land based on ecological footprint method in Jidong hilly area

The sustainable use of construction land is related to the future development of towns and villages and regional economic prosperity.Based on the theory and method of ecological footprint,this paper proposes the concept of sustainable capacity and over-expansion coefficient,aiming to signify the construction land area of regional economic sustainable development and the expansion extent of construction land.The results show that per-person ecological footprint,bearing capacity and ecological deficit are 1.766 7,0.538 1 and 1.228 5 hm2 respectively,the average annual growth rate is 3.40%,1.73% and 4.29%,the growth rate of per-person ecological footprint has been higher than the capacity growth significantly and eco-economic system is now faced with a very grim situation;construction land appears to have greater ecological surplus,with the average level of 0.131 3 hm2;Lulong county was in the state of unsustainable development,and consequently the expansion of construction land is serious.Sustainable capacity of construction land has been growing in recent years,but over-expansion coefficient is larger than 2.20,the phenomenon of construction land is in excessive expansion;the prediction results demonstrated that construction land area should be not more than 8 267 hm2 and 1499 hm2 in 2015 and 2020,which are smaller than the size of the existing construction land.The paper points out that the construction land expansion of Lulong county at the present stage is mainly due to economic factors.