小麦蚕豆间作控制病虫害与增产效应分析

 为系统探索农作物病虫害持续控制策略，保护农田生态环境，2002～2007年在云南省玉溪市进行36组小麦蚕豆间作与单作同田对比试验。结果表明，不同年份和各组试验小麦蚕豆间作比单作对主要病虫害都有不同程度的持续控制效果，尤其对蚕豆赤斑病和蚕豆斑潜蝇控制效果显著，而且因间作很好地改善了小麦和蚕豆的产量构成因素、增加了蚕豆叶片面积，从而明显地提高增产和增收效益。间作对小麦锈病、小麦白粉病、蚕豆赤斑病的控制效果分别为3040%～6355%，2560%～4936%和3151%～4568%，对小麦蚜虫、蚕豆斑潜蝇、蚕豆蚜虫的控制效果分别为2300%～3720%，1540%～6400%和1740%~2520%；增加蚕豆单株叶面积8533～57492cm2，增加蚕豆单株根瘤生物量153～727g；增加小麦产量028～063t/hm2，提高蚕豆产量214～572t/hm2，提高经济效益2246%～3425%。

Analyses on Effect of Interplanting on Diseases and Pests Control and Yield Increase of Wheat and Faba Bean

In order to study the lasting-control strategies of crop diseases and pests and protect the farmland ecosystem environment, 36 field experiments of diversely planting wheat and faba bean were made in Yuxi City of Yunnan Province from 2002 to 2007.The results showed that interplanting was better than monoplanting in diseases and pests control, yield increase and economic efficiency of wheat and faba bean in different years, especially for the control of faba bean brown spot disease (Botrytis fabae) and faba bean leaf miner (Liriomyza sativae Dlanch), because crop diversity improved yield constitution factors and increased leaf area of faba bean.Intercropping of wheat and faba bean reduced 3040%~6355%, 2560%~4936% and 3151%~4568% of wheat rust, powder mildew and faba bean brown spot, respectively, and 2300%~3720%,1540%~6400%, 1740%~2520% of wheat aphid, faba bean leaf miner and aphid, respectively, increased 57492~8533cm2 leafs area and 153~727g fresh weights of root nodules of faba bean per stub, and increased 028~063t/hm2 of wheat yield, 214~572t/hm2 and 2246%~3425% economic incomes of faba bean.