玉米部分品质指标的遗传变异研究

利用三重测交法对玉米东农—2号改良群体的12个品质指标进行了遗传变异分析,并对其中10个指标进行了遗传力和遗传进度的分析。结果表明,这些指标的上位效应均不显著,均符合加性—显性遗传模型。容重、胚/胚乳重和清蛋白的加性效应在遗传中起主导作用,选择时应以一般配合力为主要依据;球蛋白和总淀粉的显性效应在遗传中起决定性作用,选择时应以特殊配合力为主要依据;其它各指标的加性效应和显性效应都起着几乎同等重要的作用,在选择时应兼顾二者的综合利用。广义遗传力大小依次为:支链淀粉>清蛋白>谷醇蛋白比>容重>球蛋白>粗脂肪>胚/胚乳重>总淀粉>醇溶蛋白>粗蛋白。狭义遗传力大小依次为:支链淀粉>谷醇蛋白比>球蛋白>总淀粉>粗脂肪>清蛋白>醇溶蛋白>胚/胚乳重>容重>粗蛋白。相对遗传进度大小依次为:谷醇蛋白比>清蛋白>支链淀粉>胚/胚乳重>粗脂肪>球蛋白>醇溶蛋白>总淀粉>容重>粗蛋白。

Study on genetic variation of some quality traits in corn

The genetic variation of 12 quality indices, and the heritability and genetic advance of 10 of them in an improved maize population NEAU-2 were studied by the means of triple test cross design. The result showed that the epistatic effect in all of those traits were not significant. Volume weight, weight ratio of embryo and endosperm and albumin should be selected by general combining ability (gca) for their additive effect. Globulin and total starch should be selected by special combining ability (sea) for their dominant effect. While in the improvement of other traits both gca and sea should be considered. The sequence of broad-sense heritability was: amylopectin>albumin>-the content ratio of and zein>volume weight>globulin>gross fat>the weight ratio of embryo and endosperm>gross starch>zein >gross protein, the sequence of narrow-sense heritability was: amylopectin>the content ratio of glutelin and zein>globulin>gross starch>gross fat>albumin>zein>the weight ratio of embryo and endosperm>vlume weight>gross protein and the sequence of relative genetic advance was: the content ratio of glutelin and zein>albumin>amylopectin>the weight ratio of embryo and endosperm>gross fat>globulin>zein>gross starch>volume weight>gross protein, ratio of glutelin and zein>albumin>the weight ratio of embryo and endosperm.