不同施肥条件下夏玉米的干物质积累、产量及氮肥利用效率

针对我国华北地区夏玉米生产中所面临的氮素污染和秸秆资源严重浪费等问题，中国农业大学和德国霍恩海姆大学(Hohenheim University of Germany)自1999以来开展了中德国际合作项目“华北平原作物高产高生产力条件下环境可承受的持续农业研究”。研究表明：在同一时期，优化施肥、秸秆还田优化施肥与传统施肥夏玉米干物质积累量无显著性差异。拔节到吐丝，优化施肥的干物质日增长量和干物质积累量并不低于传统施肥，吐丝到灌浆，略低于传统施肥；秸秆还田优化施肥两阶段的干物质日增长量和干物质积累量最高。3处理间夏玉米产量无显著性差异。优化施肥和秸秆还田优化施肥条件下，氮肥当季利用率显著高于传统施肥。

Effects of Different Nitrogen Fertilization Managements on Dry Matter Accumulation,Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Summer Maize

Against a background of a series of serious problems of nitrogen environmental pollution and waste of residue resources in summer maize production in the North China Plain, China Agricultural University and Hohenheim University of Germany have engaged in the Sino-Germany co-operative project, the environmentally acceptable and sustainable agricultural production with high productivity level in the North China Plain since 1999.A part of the results of the research were reported on winter wheat in the Beijing experimental base in 2000-2001. The results were as follows: At the same measuring date, The difference in dry matter weight (DMW) between the three treatments was insignificant; from jointing to flowering, dry matter accumulation rate and DMW of the optimized fertilization were not less than that of the traditional fertilization, from flowering to grain filling, dry matter accumulation rate and DMW of the optimized fertilization were slightly less than that of the traditional fertilization; at the two stages, dry matter accumulation rate and DMW of the optimized fertilization of the optimized fertilization with crop residues were greatest. The difference in yield between the three treatments was insignificant. Nitrogen use efficiency of the optimized fertilization and the optimized fertilization with crop residues were remarkably greater than that of the unreasonable traditional fertilization.