公路逆式测量原理与应用

传统的道路放样方法是依据里程和高斯平面坐标(x,y)先放样中桩(中线),再依据中桩放样边线和其他放样点。笔者从公路工程建设实践中探索出公路逆式测量的新方法,推出了道路坐标正反算的基本公式。测量员用全站仪测定点的三维坐标(x,y,H),计算道路坐标(k,B),再移动调整到目标位置,无需借助中桩及其测量标志,直接寻找道路中线、平行线、开口线、坡脚线、隧道边线等,直接测定任意点处的填挖高度。公路逆式测量放样速度比传统方法提高4倍以上。

Principle and Application of Survey of Highways

In the traditional highway laying out method,the midpile(median line)is laid out first according to Gauss coordinate(x,y)and based on the midpile the sideline,the other points are laid out.From the practice of highway construction,a new method for highway reverse survey is established.The basic equations for highway coordinate forward and reverse calculation are derived.The surveyor surveys 3D coordinate(x,y,H)of measuring point with total station,calculates road-curve coordinates(k,B)and moves it to the target position without using the mid pile and other measuring markers and directly looks for the middle line,paralle lline,cut line and toe line of the highway and the sideline of tunnel for the purpose of directly detecting the filling and digging height at random points.the velocity of the method is 4 times higher than that of traditional method.