河南省小麦生产与肥料施用状况

通过问卷调查，对河南26个县市的小麦生产与肥料施用状况进行了问卷调查，结果表明：小麦产量以6000-7500 kg/hm2所占比例最大，占到调查样本的49.77%，小于6000 kg/hm2占到调查样本的36.70%，大于7500 kg/hm2的占到调查样本的13.53%，有12.39%的样本低于4500 kg/hm2。小麦氮肥用量变化在3.9-861 kg N/hm2，平均为234.6 kg/hm2，氮肥全部用作基肥的占到调查样本的54.44%，基肥比例小于40%的占到调查样本的29.11%；磷肥用量变化在15.5-362.1 kg P2O5/hm2，平均为75.2 kg P2O5/hm2；钾肥用量变化在2.7-400.5 kg K2O/hm2，平均为70.7 kg K2O/hm2。小麦产量与NPK养分总量和磷肥用量之间显著相关，但与氮肥和钾肥关系不密切。氮肥偏生产力以15-30 kg/kg比例最大，占到调查样本的32.26%，其次是30-45 kg/kg，占到调查样本的26.96%；磷肥偏生产力以45-75kg/kg最大，占到调查样本的38.30%，其次是75-105kg/kg，占到调查样本的29.24%；钾肥偏生产力以45-75kg/kg最大，占到调查样本的32.30%，其次是75-105kg/kg，占到调查样本的27.95%，说明农户之间小麦产量、肥料用量和肥料利用率差别较大。

Wheat production and fertilizers application in Henan province

In order to understand the wheat production and fertilizer application in Henan province, more than 20 counties and 452 farmers were investigated through questionnaire method , the results showed that wheat yield between 6000-7500kg/hm2 taken up the maximal proportion, being 49.77％, while wheat yield higher than 7500 kg/hm2 and lower than 4500 kg/hm2 taken up 13.53％and 12.39％. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer on wheat changed from 3.9-861 kg N/hm2 , averaged 234.6 kg/hm2, nitrogen fertilizer applied as a base fertilizer totally accounted for 54.44% of the investigated samples, the proportion of base fertilizer less than 40% of the sample accounted for 29.11%.The amount of phosphate fertilizer changed from 15.5-362.1kg P2O5/hm2, the average amount is 75.2 kg/hm2; Changes in the amount of potassium is in the 2.7-400.5 kg K2O/hm2, the average amount is 70.7 kg K2O/hm2. The wheat yield has significant relationship with the total nutrient and the amount of phosphate fertilizer, but has no significant relationship with the amount of potassium fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer. PFP on nitrogen fertilizer changed between 15-30 kg/kg ,taken up the maximal proportion of 32.26%, 30-45 kg/kg taken up 26.96%; PFP of phosphate fertilizer between 45-75kg/kg taken up the maximal proportion of 38.30%, 75-105kg/kg taken up proportion of 29.24%; PFP on potassium fertilizer between 45-75kg/kg taken up the maximal proportion of 32.30%, 75-105kg/kg taken up proportion of 27.95%.It suggested that there existed big difference between various farmers for wheat yield ,fertilizer rate and fertilizer use efficiency.