玉米收获期籽粒含水量与主要农艺性状相关分析

以黑龙江省第一积温带10份熟期相近而收获期含水量差异较大的优良自交系为试验材料,采用完全双列杂交设计配制杂交组合,对田间自然脱水速率、苞叶长等农艺性状与玉米收获期籽粒含水量进行遗传相关和通径分析。相关分析表明,田间自然脱水速率与收获期籽粒含水量表现为极显著负相关(R=-0.4508),苞叶长、粒宽等性状与收获期籽粒含水量表现为极显著正相关;通径分析表明,苞叶长、粒宽等性状对收获期含水量的直接通径系数均为正值,穗长、田间自然脱水速率对收获期含水量的直接通径系数为负值。为选育低收获期含水量的玉米品种,应着重选育田间自然脱水速率快、苞叶长较果穗长略短、穗位稍低、轴细、籽粒偏窄及百粒重稍低的基因型。

Correlation analysis of agronomic characters and grain moisture in maize harvest time

This paper adopted completely diallel cross design, used 10 inbred lines with different grain moisture in harvest time, studied inheritance rules on grain moisture in harvest of maize and the correlation between kernels inner traits and main agricultural traits. The results showed that there was significantly negative correlation between grain moisture in harvest and normal dry-down rate in field (R= -0.4508). There was significantly positive correlation between grain moisture in harvest and ear height, husk length, kernel width. Correlate analysis showed that there was significantly positive correlation between grain moisture in harvest of kernels and ear length, axis diameter and proper falling of characters would decrease the grain moisture in harvest. For selecting the cultivar which has low grain moisture, we should emphasize on genotypes which have fast normal dry-down rate, bract is little shorter than ear length, low ear position, thin axis, narrow grain and low 100-grain weight.