花生辐照变异新品系的选育

为丰富花生遗传基础,克服栽培遗传多样性差、高产优质专用新品种培育难以获得突破性进展的困难,本试验以花生品种鲁花11号干种子为诱变材料,采用~(60)Co-γ射线辐照处理,研究突变体后代性状表现。结果表明,突变体Y-21的M_2明显变异和分离,部分单株荚果明显变大,内种皮突变为金黄色。后代跟踪观察发现大果和金黄色内种皮能够遗传。对M7产量和品质的鉴定结果表明,从Y-21后代中选出的2个品系(大果和金黄色内种皮)Y-21-2-4和Y-21-3-2,其荚果形状、大小,籽仁形状,种皮和内种皮颜色等均符合传统出口型大花生的要求,且产量较高,其中Y-21-2-4比鲁花11号增产13.79%,比山东省区对照品种花育25号增产6.19%~7.70%,粗脂肪含量比鲁花11号高1.8个百分点,比花育25号高5.1个百分点。本研究获得的突变品系为花生育种及遗传研究提供了材料。

Breeding New Lines From Irradiation Mutagensis in Peanut

The seeds of peanut variety Luhua 11 were used as materials for irradiation treatment by60 Co-γ ray,and characteristics of the mutation progeny were studied,aiming at broading peanut genetic resources and breeding new peanut varieties.Obvious variations and segregations were observed in M2 generation from mutant Y-21,and some single plants with bigger pod and golden yellow endopleura were found to keep stable inheritance in M3 generation.The yield and quality characteristics were evaluated and detected in M7 generation.The characteristics of pod shape,pod size,kernel shape,color of testa and endopleura from two lines Y-21-2-4 and Y-21-3-2 could meet the standard of traditional export peanut.Y-21-2-4 and Y-21-3-2 lines also showed high yield,the yield of Y-21 -2-4 was 13.79％ higher than that of mutagenic parent Luhua 11 6.19％ to 7.70％ higher than Huayu 25 the control variety in Shandong regional tests.The oil content of Y-21-2-4 was 1.80％ and 5.10％ higher than that of Luhua 11 and Huayu 25 respectively.These newly obtained mutant lines will be used as materials in genetic study and breeding in peanut.