顶芒和无芒山羊草育种价值及细胞学标记

为了评价顶芒山羊草和无芒山羊草在小麦育种中的利用价值,本研究利用人工接种和近红外二极管阵列分析仪分别对圆锥小麦-顶芒山羊草双二倍体和中国春-无芒山羊草双二倍体的抗病性及籽粒品质进行了鉴/测定。结果表明,二者均近免疫小麦条锈病和白粉病,且其籽粒蛋白和湿面筋含量均极显著高于对照小麦,因此,这2个种质值得向小麦进行回交转育。为了建立可用于鉴定小麦背景中2种山羊草的细胞遗传标记辅助鉴定相应回交群体,利用寡聚核苷酸原位杂交(FISH)方法对2份双二倍体进行分析。结果发现,探针(GAA)8可有效鉴定小麦背景中的顶芒山羊草染色体;探针Oligop Sc119.2-1、Oligo-p Ta-535-1和(GAA)8结合使用可有效鉴定小麦背景中的无芒山羊草染色体。本研究首次建立的2种山羊草细胞遗传学标记可用于相应杂种后代的筛选与鉴定工作,为辅助选育含有2种山羊草优异基因的小麦新种质奠定了基础。

Breeding Value and Cytogenetic Markers of Aegilops comosa and Aegilops mutica

In order to evaluate the breeding value of Aegilops comosa and Aegilops mutica for wheat improvement,the disease resistance and grain quality of Triticum turgidum-Aegilops comosa amphiplid and Chinese Spring-Ae.mutica amphiploid are identified or determined by artificial inoculation and near-infrared spectrometer,respectively.As a result,both amphiploids are nearly immune to wheat stripe rust and powdery mildew.Moreover,grain protein and wet gluten contents are significantly higher than those of control.Therefore,both amphiploids are excellent gene sources for backcrossing with current cultivated wheat varieties.In order to establish cytogenetic markers for the identification of relative cross progenies,both amphiploids are analyzed by oligo-nucleotides probe-fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH),the result showed that probe (GAA)8could be used to detect Ae.comosa chromatin in wheat background,Oligo-pSc119.2-1,Oligo-pTa-535-1 and (GAA)8 combined together a could efficiently distinguish Ae.mutica from wheat chromosomes.The specific cytogenetic markers developed in this study could be used in screening and identifying of relative cross progenies containing Ae.comosa and Ae.mutica chromosome and laid a foundation for assistance selection of new wheat germplasm harboring useful genes of Ae.comosa and Ae.mutica.