不同轮作模式对青贮玉米产量、品质及土壤肥力的影响

为了探明苜蓿-青贮玉米(A-C)、大麦-青贮玉米(B-C)、小麦-青贮玉米(W-C)、燕麦-青贮玉米(O-C)、黑麦草-青贮玉米(L-C)5种不同轮作模式对青贮玉米产量、品质和土壤肥力的影响,以玉米-玉米(C-C)连作为对照,在2014年和2015年进行了田间随机区组试验。结果表明,不同轮作模式下青贮玉米产量、粗蛋白、淀粉、粗脂肪、p H值、有机质、速效养分和土壤酶活性指标均显著优于连作模式(P0.05)。A-C处理中青贮玉米产量、裹包青贮玉米的粗蛋白、淀粉、粗脂肪含量均高于其他处理,并分别高出对照(C-C)39.29%、27.90%、39.46%和28.30%。随着种植年限的延长土壤酶活性呈下降趋势,其中A-C和O-C处理中,蔗糖酶随着种植年限的延长明显下降;W-C处理中,碱性磷酸酶活性随着种植年限的延长明显下降。因子分析结果表明,不同轮作处理土壤肥力得分依次为A-CO-CB-CW-CL-C,说明苜蓿与青贮玉米轮作不仅有利于提高玉米产量和改善青贮饲料品质,还有助于改良土壤。本研究结果为长三角地区优质饲草轮作制度的建立提供了理论依据。

Effects of Different Rotation Modes on Yield,Quality of Silage Corn,and Soil Fertility

In order to investigate effect of five different rotation modes on silage corn yield,quality and soil fertility,experiments with randomized block design were applied in 2014 and 2015 under the five different rotation modes of alfalfa-silage corn (A-C),barely-silage corn (B-C),wheat-silage corn (W-C),oat-silage corn (O-C),and loliumsilage corn(L-C).Corn-corn(C-C)was used as a control.The results showed that silage corn yield,crude protein,starch,crude fat,pH value,organic matter,available nutrients,and soil enzyme activities were significantly better in rotation mode than those in continuous mode (P ＜ 0.05).The silage corn yield,the starch,crude protein and crude fat contents were higher in the A-C treatment than the other treatments and control.These contents increased by 39.29％,27.90％,39.46％,and 28.30％ respectively.With planting time increasing,invertase activities decreased significantly in the A-C and O-C treatments.The alkaline phosphatase activity decreased significantly in W-C treatment,while the planting time increased.Factor analysis showed that soil fertility depended on the rotation mode,where the soil fertility of A-C ＞ O-C ＞ B-C ＞ W-C ＞ L-C.The A-C rotation not only improved the yield and quality of silage,but also the soil quality.This study provides a theoretical basis for the establishment of a rotation system in the Yangtze River Delta region.