Photoperiod sensitivity after flowering and seed number determination in indeterminate soybean cultivars |
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| Institution: | 1. Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martı́n 4453, 1417 Buenos Aires, Argentina;2. IFEVA, Facultad de Agronomı́a, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martı́n 4453, 1417 Buenos Aires, Argentina;1. Soybean Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, P.R.China;2. Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, P.R.China;3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R.China;4. Institute of Economic Crop of Liaoning, Liaoyang 111000, P.R.China;5. Information Center, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, P.R.China;6. Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA;7. National Research Center of Soybean Engineering and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150028, P.R.China;8. Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan;1. University of Nebraska-Lincoln, PO Box 830915, Lincoln, NE 68583-0915, USA;2. Montana State University, Northwestern Agricultural Research Center, 4570 MT Hwy 35, Kalispell, MT 59901, USA;3. University of Nebraska Clay County Extension Office, 111 W. Fairfield, Clay Center, NE 68933-1499, USA;4. Little Blue Natural Resources District, 106 N Juniper Ave, Davenport, NE 68335, USA;1. Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness, University of Arkansas, 217 Agriculture Building, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;2. Bayer Crop Science, Greensboro/Winston-Salem, NC, USA;3. Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA;1. College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R.China;2. Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu 611130, P.R.China;3. Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 611130, P.R.China;4. Characteristic Crops Research Institute, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 402160, P.R.China;1. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario - CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, S2125AA Zavalla, Santa Fe, Argentina;2. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Oliveros, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, C2206 Oliveros, Santa Fe, Argentina;3. Asociación Argentina de Consorcios Regionales de Experimentación Agrícola, C1041AAZ Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina |
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| Abstract: | Seed and pod numbers are the main yield components in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill). They are related to canopy photosynthesis during a critical period, occurring between the R1 (beginning of flowering) and R6 (full seed) stages. We investigated the relationship between the duration of the critical period and the number of seeds produced. Response to photoperiod during post-flowering stages was evaluated in indeterminate soybean cultivars from maturity groups (MG) IV and V. The study was conducted under field conditions with two sowing dates (normal and late). Plants were grown under natural photoperiod throughout the experiment or exposed, from the R3 stage (beginning pod) onwards, to artificially extended regimes of 2 h longer than natural daylength. Duration of the R3–R6 period increased in response to the extension of photoperiod, and cultivars of MG V exhibited a stronger sensitivity to photoperiod than those of MG IV. Exposure to long photoperiods promoted node production, mainly in branches, and increased node fertility. Within each sowing date, the increased duration of R3–R6 under longer photoperiods was corresponded with increments in pod and seed number. Seed number was related to the duration of R3–R6, particularly when the length of the period was corrected for temperature differences between treatments. Seed number was also related to the integral of solar radiation during R3–R6. The possibility of using sensitivity to photoperiod after flowering as a criterion for increasing yields through increasing seed number are discussed. |
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