不同类型尿素配施对加工番茄产量、品质及氮肥利用率的影响

为了明确氮肥在加工番茄上的最佳施用量以及缓释尿素与普通尿素配合施用的效果，在河套灌区研究了不同类型尿素配施对加工番茄的产量、品质、氮素利用率及土壤氮素残留的影响。结果表明：加工番茄施用氮肥比不施氮肥果实和茎叶产量都有显著增加，施用氮肥后果实产量平均增加99.7%，同时施用氮肥加工番茄的可溶性固形物增加0.34%~1.34%。施用缓释尿素的氮素利用率较高，100%推荐施氮量用缓释尿素或缓释尿素与普通尿素配合施用较单施尿素氮肥利用率高15.2%~20.2%，80%推荐施氮量用缓释尿素或缓释尿素与普通尿素配合施用比单施尿素氮肥利用率高20.3%~21.8%。施用缓释尿素或缓释尿素与普通尿素配合使用可以减少20%施氮量，不显著影响加工番茄的产量，而且肥料利用率较高。在各处理中表现最好的处理是100%推荐施氮量采用60%缓释尿素做基肥，20%尿素在花期追肥，20%尿素在果实膨大期追施的产量最高、经济效益最好、氮肥利用率最高。施用缓释尿素0~20 cm耕层土壤氮素没有残留，20~40 cm土层土壤氮素没有淋失。

Influence of Different Types of Urea on the Yield,Quality and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Processing Tomato

In order to clarify the best application amount of nitrogen fertilizer and matching effects of controlled release urea with common urea, this paper studied the effects of different nitrogen treatments on yield, quality and nitrogen use efficiency of processing tomato and soil nitrogen content at Hetao Irrigation District. The results showed that compared with the non fertilization, after applying nitrogen fertilizer the yield of fruit increased averagely by 99.7% and soluble solids increased by 0.34%~1.34%. The nitrogen utilization rate of applying slow-release urea was even higher. 100% recommended N application in slow-release urea or slow-release urea combined with common urea, the nitrogen utilization rate was 15.2%~20.2% higher than that of single application of urea nitrgen fertilizer. 80% recommended N application by slow-release urea or combined with common urea, the nitrogen utilization rate was 20.3%~21.8% higher than that of single application of urea nitrgen fertilizer. Applying slow-release urea or slow-release urea combined with normal urea could reduce the amount of nitrogen by 20%. By this way, the yield of processing tomato was significantly improved, and utilization rate of fertilizer was also increased. Among all treatments, 100% recommended nitrogen fertilizer taking 60% slow-release as base fertilizer, 20% urea as top application during flowering stage, 20% urea as topdressing during fruit swelling period had the highest yield, best economic benefit, and highest utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer. There was no nitrogen residual in 20~40 cm surface soil and no nitrogen leaching loss in 20~40 cm soil.