化肥减量配施有机肥对春甘蓝产量及品质的影响

化肥减量、配施有机肥是实现化肥零增长的途径之一,以紫色土为基质,研究了化肥减量配施有机肥对春甘蓝产量及品质的影响。通过连续2年试验,采取6种施肥模式:农民常规化肥施用量FCF,四川省农业厅推荐化肥用量CK,化肥分别减量10%、20%、30%、40%的处理T-10、T-20、T-30、T-40,用有机肥补足这4个化肥减量处理的损失肥效,分析不同施肥处理对春甘蓝产量及品质的影响。结果显示化肥减量配施有机肥能显著增加春甘蓝产量,提高春甘蓝品质;相比于对照组CK的产量,T-20、T-30的增产率均在9.8%以上;其中,T-30的感官品质、营养品质及安全品质均显著高于其他施肥处理。由此说明,在化肥减量的条件下,配施有机肥能显著提高春甘蓝产量与品质,这是西南紫色土区春甘蓝提质增效的合理施肥方式,为紫色土区域有机养分资源的利用和春甘蓝施肥结构的调整提供理论依据。

Effects of Reduction of Chemical Fertilizer and Organic Manure Supplement on Spring Cabbage Yield and Quality

Reducing chemical fertilizer and adding organic manure is an effective way to achieve zero growth of chemical fertilizers application, so this paper took purple soil as substrate and studied the effect of reducing fertilizer by adding organic manure on high yield and quality of spring cabbage. Six different fertilization patterns were adopted for 2 successive years, including FCF (farmers routine chemical fertilizer), CK (recommended quantity by Agricultural Department of Sichuan Province), T-10 (amount of chemical fertilizer decreased by 10% than CK), T-20 (amount of chemical fertilizer decreased by 20% than CK), T-30 (amount of chemical fertilizer decreased by 30% than CK), T-40 (amount of chemical fertilizer decreased by 40% than CK), and then organic manure was added to top up the loss of fertilizer efficiency and analyzed the effects of different fertilization treatments on yield and quality of spring cabbage. The results showed that reducing chemical fertilizer and adding organic manure could significantly increase the yield of spring cabbage and improve its quality. Compared with CK, yield increase rate of T-10 and T-20 was over 9.8%. In addition, the sensory quality, nutritional quality and safety quality of T-30 were significantly higher than that of the other fertilization treatments, indicating that reducing chemical fertilizer application and adding organic manure could significantly increase the yield and quality of spring cabbage. This fertilization model was rational for increasing stable yield and improving quality of spring cabbage in purple soil areas. This paper provided theoretical basis for utilizing organic manure resources in purple soil regions and adjusting fertilization structure of spring cabbage.