腐熟秸秆对植烟土壤理化性质和酶活性的影响

为探究施用腐熟秸秆对植烟土壤理化性质和酶活性的影响，采用田间试验研究了不同梯度腐熟秸秆对植烟土壤容重、含水率、速效养分、酶活性的影响。结果表明：①腐熟秸秆对降低土壤容重，提高含水率具有显著作用。在移栽后30 d，T3土壤容重达到最低值1.07 g/cm3，比对照降低了13.01%。②随着腐熟秸秆施用量的增加，植烟土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾的供应量显著提高，其中T2、T3效果显著优于对照。③腐熟秸秆可以提高植烟土壤脲酶、纤维素酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶活性。在45 d，土壤脲酶活性达到最大值，T2、T3脲酶活性分别比对照提高了26.29%、21.86%；在30 d，纤维素酶活性都达到最大值，T2、T3纤维素酶活性分别比对照提高了132.67%、111.83%；在60 d，土壤蔗糖酶活性达到最大值，T3土壤蔗糖酶活性比对照提高了29.23%；在45 d，土壤过氧化氢酶活性达到最大值，T3土壤过氧化氢酶活性比对照提高了25.71%。综合来看，施用腐熟秸杆对改善植烟土壤理化性质、提高土壤肥力、增强土壤酶活性有积极作用，T3（11 250 kg/hm2）可以作为河南烟区腐熟秸秆参考量。

Influence of Rotten Straw on Physical and Chemical Properties and Enzyme Acitivity of Soil

In order to explore the influence of rotten straw on soil physical and chemical properties and enzyme activity, this paper studied the effects of rotten straw with different gradients on volume-weight, moisture content, available nutrient and enzyme activity of tobacco-planting soil by field experiments. The results showed that: ① Rotten straw had remarkable effects on decreasing soil volume-weight and increasing soil moisture content. At 30 d after transplanting, soil volume-weight of T3 treatment reached the lowest value of 1.07 g/cm3, 13.01% lower than that of the contrast. ② With the increasing of rotten straw dosage, the supply of alkali-hydrolysable, available phosphorus, available potassium in tobacco-planting soil were significantly increased. Among them, the effects of T2 and T3 were espcially better than that of the contrast. ③ Rotten straw could improve the activities of urease, cellulase, sucrase, catalase of tobacco-planting soil. At 45 d, the soil urease activity reached the maximum value, and the urease activities of T2 and T3 increased by 26.29% and 21.86% than that of the contrast, respectively. At 30 d, cellulase activity reached the maximum value, the cellulase activities of T2 and T3 increased by 132.67% and 111.83% than that of the contrast, respectively. At 60 d, the soil sucrase activity reached the maximum value, and soil sucrase activity of T3 increased by 29.23% than that of the contrast. At 45 d, the soil catalase activity reached the maximum value, and soil catalase activity of T3 increased by 25.71% than that of the contrast. Taken together, applying rotten straw was helpful for improving physical and chemical properties, increasing soil fertility and strengthening enzyme activity of tobacco-planted soil. T3 (11 250 kg/hm2) clould be used as a reference quantity of rotten straw in tobacco-growing areas of Henan province.