苦瓜不同部位化感作用研究

为明确苦瓜(Momordica charantia L.)根、茎和叶的化感差异,测其3部位浸提液对绿豆Vigna radiata(L.)Wilczek]和水稻(Oryza sativa L.)种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:苦瓜各部位浸提液对绿豆发芽率均无影响,但延长了绿豆平均发芽时间并抑制了发芽指数,对水稻发芽率有抑制作用,缩短了水稻平均发芽时间并对发芽指数有"双重效应";叶部浸提液对绿豆和水稻种子活力均有抑制作用;2.5 mg/m L(T1)各部位浸提液对绿豆幼苗根长有抑制作用,40 mg/m L(T5)各部位浸提液对水稻幼苗根长和茎长有极显著的抑制作用;叶部浸提液对绿豆幼苗鲜重有抑制作用,10 mg/m L(T3)、20 mg/m L(T4)和40 mg/m L(T5)各部位浸提液对水稻幼苗鲜重有抑制作用;根部浸提液对绿豆干重都有促进作用,各部位浸提液对水稻幼苗干重有抑制作用;苦瓜各部位浸提液对绿豆种子萌发的化感综合效应均为负值,T1处理下的苦瓜各部位浸提液对绿豆幼苗生长的化感综合效应均为正值,T3、T4和T5处理的各部位浸提液对水稻种子萌发和幼苗生长的化感综合效应均为负值;苦瓜地上部分对2种受体的化感抑制作用强于根部。

Allelopathy of Different Parts of Momordica charantia

In order to clarify the differences existing in allelopathy of root, stem and leaf of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.), this paper studied the effects of bitter gourd extracts of these 3 parts on seed germination and seedling growth of mung beans \Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek\] and rice (Oryza sativa L.). The results showed the extracts of 3 parts had no effect on germination rate of mung beans, but inhibited the germination rate of rice. They delayed the average germination time of mung bean and inhibited its germination index; shortened the mean germination time of rice and had “double effects” on its germination index. The extracts of leaf could inhibit the seed vigor of both mung bean and rice. The 2.5 mg/mL (T1) extracts from various parts of bitter gourd had inhibitory effect on the root length of mung bean, 40 mg/mL (T5) extracts from various parts had significant inhibitory effect on root length and stem length of rice seedlings. Leaf extracts had effects on the mung bean fresh weight, 10 mg/mL (T3), 20 mg/mL (T4) and 40 mg/mL (T5) extracts from each part had inhibitory effect on fresh weight of rice seedlings. The root extracts could promote the dry weight of mung bean, and had inhibitory effect on dry weight of rice seedlings. The comprehensive allelopathic effect of each part on mung bean seed germination was all negative; while that bellow 2.5 mg/mL (T1) on the growth of mung bean seedlings was positive. The comprehensive allelopathic effect of each bitter part with 10 mg/mL (T3), 20 mg/mL (T4) and 40 mg/mL (T5) concentrations were negative on rice seed germination and seedling growth. The allelopathic inhibitions of bitter gourd parts on 2 receptors were stronger than on the root.