磷肥用量对不同水稻品种产量和磷肥利用率的影响

采用田间试验研究了磷肥用量对不同水稻品种产量、磷肥利用率及经济效益的影响，以期为水稻合理施用磷肥提供理论依据。结果表明：施用磷肥显著提高了不同水稻品种产量，与不施磷（P0）处理相比，增产360~1 326 kg/hm2，增产率为5.9%~20.7%；不同品种对磷肥的反应存在差异，黄华占在不同磷肥用量（P0、P37.5、P75、P112.5）下产量均最低，与黄华占相比，产量最高的品种增产率分别为42.1%、48.3%、48.5%和56.2%。6个水稻品种的施磷量与产量间存在显著二次相关和线性加平台关系，理论最高产量为5 858~9 028 kg/hm2，推荐施磷量为30~99 kg/hm2；珞优8号的产量和经济效益均高于其他品种，分别为9 023 kg/hm2和16 095 元/hm2，且在磷肥用量为75 kg/hm2时磷肥利用率最高，与磷肥利用率最低的内香2128相比提高了20.0%。可见，不同水稻品种对磷肥的响应存在一定的差异；同等条件下，应优先选用具有高产、高磷肥利用率潜力的品种，并根据品种的反应合理施用磷肥。

Influence of Phosphorus Application Dosage on the Yield and Phosphorus Recovery Efficiency of Different Rice Varieties

Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of P (phosphorus) fertilizer application dosage on grain yield, P use efficiency and economic benefits of different rice varieties, so as to provide theoretical basis for rational application of P fertilizer in rice. The results showed that application of P fertilizer could significantly increase the yield of different rice varieties. The yield was increased by 360~1 326 kg/hm2, and increasing rate was 5.9%~20.7%, compared with the treatment without applying P fertilizer. There were differences in response to P fertilizer by different rice varieties. The yield of Huanghuazhan in different P (P0, P37.5, P75, P112.5) application dosages was the lowest, and compared with Huanghuazhan, yield increasing rates of the varieties with the highest yield were 42.1%, 48.3%, 48.5% and 56.2%, respectively. There was remarkable quadratic correlation and linear plus platform relationship between P application dosage and grain yields of 6 rice varieties. The theoretical maximum yield was 5 858~9 028 kg/hm2, and recommended phosphorus applying dosage was 30~99 kg/hm2. The yield and economic benefits of Luoyou 8 were higher than that of the other varieties, which were 9 023 kg/hm2 and 16 095 yuan/hm2, respectively. When P fertilizer application dosage was 75 kg/hm2, the P use efficiency of Luoyou 8 was the highest, increased by 20.0% comparing Neixiang 2128 with the lowest P fertilizer use efficiency. It could be seen that there were differences in response to P fertilizer among different rice varieties. Under same conditions, the varieties with high yield and high P utilization efficiency should be used preferentially, and rational P fertilizer application should be applied according to the responses of different varieties.