蚕沙土壤调理剂对酸性土壤改良及豆角生长的影响

多年连作、过量施用化肥以及不科学使用农药等因素导致土壤板结、盐碱化、土传病害严重，土壤根际有益微生物的生存环境遭到破坏，土壤生态失衡，作物生长受限。在此类土壤上进行农业栽培生产，加剧土壤恶化，致使病虫害问题逐年严重，使作物减产甚至绝产，对农业生产造成严重损失，污染生态环境，甚至影响人类的生存发展。目前南方耕地土壤不断恶化，土壤酸化尤为严重，亟需进行土壤治理。通过第一季施用土壤调理剂，第二季不施用土壤调理剂的连续两季豆角盆栽试验，研究了几种土壤调理剂对酸性土壤改良效果及对豆角生长的影响。结果表明：①在酸性土壤上施用适宜的土壤调理剂可改良土壤，提高土壤pH，增加土壤有机质含量，促进作物生长，提高作物产量；②试验筛选出改良效果最优的土壤调理剂为蚕沙1土壤调理剂（蚕沙50%、贝壳40%、氧化镁10%），在蚕沙1调理剂的作用下，土壤pH上升了0.77，土壤有机质含量提高了6.49%，豆角产量增加了125.99%。

Influence of Silkworm Excrement Soil Amendments on Acidic Soil and Growth of Vigna unguiculata

Soil compaction and salinization were caused by successive cropping, excessive chemical fertilizer application and unscientific pesticide application. Therefore, the soil-borne diseases were aggravated, the living environment of beneficial rhizospheric microorganisms were destroyed, the soil ecological balance was broken, and the crop growth was restricted. If agricultural production was carried out on this type of soil, soil deterioration would become more serious. Consequently, plant diseases and pests were exacerbated year by year, and the crop yields decreased or even lost. The polluted ecological environment could even affect the survival and development of mankind. In southern China, soil acidification, one of the severest soil degradation, was a necessitated problem urgently need to be solved at present. A pot culture experiment was conducted to study the effect of soil amendments on acid soil and the growth of cowpeas. It covered 2 continuous cropping seasons of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). The soil amendments were applied in the first growing season, while no soil amendment was used for the second one. Results showed that: ① When appropriate soil amendment was applied on acid soil, which could be improved. Soil pH and organic matter could be increased, crop growth would be promoted, and crop yield would be increased. ② In this study, silkworm excrement soil amendment (silkworm excrement 50%, shell powder 40%, magnesium oxide 10%) was selected as the optimal soil amendment, which made soil pH rise by 0.77, soil organic matter content increase by 6.49%, and cowpea yield increase by 125.99%.