托木尔峰南麓河流径流量变化特征及其对北极涛动(AO)事件的响应

由于冰雪融水很高的补给比重,本区河流径流量具有高度的季节集中性和多年径流变化的稳定性。温度变化的连续性和稳定性及其对冰雪消融的控制作用,使托木尔峰南麓以冰雪融水补给为主的河流径流量不如以降水补给为主的河流变化剧烈,1980年代中期以来增幅也明显小于以降水补给为主的河流。本区河流月径流量持续性很差,径流对气候变化具有较高的依赖性,并且对北极涛动(AO)事件具有较好的响应:强AO年较高的温度,促使了冰川消融加剧,以冰川融水补给为主的河流径流量明显增多;而弱AO年由于温度较低,冰川消融减少,河流径流量也明显减少。

Characteristics of Runoff of Rivers at the South Slope of Mt. Tuomuer, and Its Response to Arctic Oscillation (AO)

At the south slope of Mt.Tuomuer,runoff of these rivers originated fromglaciers are replenishedmuch by the melt-water and have increased in the lately decades under the rising temperature.It is estimated that the discharge of these runoffs have increased at 10 ×10~(8)m~(3)every year than twenty years before.And these rivers originated from the glacier have a very asymmetrical distribution in one year and a calmer process from year to year than those rivers replenishedmuch by precipitation.A diagnostic analysis has performed by using the data of monthly mean discharge of those stations at the south slope of Mt.Tuomuer.It is shown that there is a bad persistence in whole year,especially in April and May.It is disadvantageto use the water resources of these rivers.When the winter Arctic Oscillation(AO) is high/low,temperature in the place always high/low, however,precipitation doesn't response to the change of AO index.Runoff of these rivers originated fromglaciers always increases in the years with high AO index under the high temperature.On the contrary,runoff of these rivers always decreases in the years with low AO.