单色绿光环境对孵化中种蛋蛋壳理化特性的影响

蛋壳是鸡胚发育过程中与外界环境进行气体和热量交换的重要媒介，其结构、形态等因素均为影响鸡胚发育的重要因素。单色绿光照射可缩短种蛋孵化时间，促进出雏、提高种蛋孵化率。有鉴于此，该研究针对单色绿光调控孵化过程中的种蛋蛋壳色度、蛋壳结构、色素含量及元素含量等因素进行监测，从种蛋蛋壳特性变化的角度探究单色绿光在种蛋孵化过程中促进雏鸡出雏的机制。结果表明，与传统黑暗孵化环境相比较，孵化过程单色绿光形成的光环境促使蛋壳对孵化环境产生适应性响应，蛋壳表面亮度显著降低（P<0.01），抑制了蛋壳中绿色色素-胆绿素的分解（P<0.01）。且单色绿光有助于鸡胚吸收利用蛋壳中的Ca元素，显著促进孵化过程中蛋壳表面孔隙面积的风化增大（P<0.000 1），提高蛋壳的通透性及散热效果，利于出雏期间雏鸡出壳，有助于促进出雏并降低孵化死亡率。该研究阐析了单色绿光孵化过程中种蛋蛋壳特性的变化，为单色绿光促进种蛋出雏及其在孵化产业的应用奠定了一定的理论基础。

Effects of monochromatic green light environment on the physical and chemical properties of eggshell during incubation

Abstract: Incubation is the last step of the whole breeding for the better performance of poultry production. Among them, the hatching rate and healthy chick rate can be always considered research hotspots in the field. Particularly, lighting has been one of the most important environmental conditions during poultry hatching in recent years. Cold light sources can be used to regulate the hatching, including fluorescent lamps and LED. The light environment can be tailored for the eggs breeding during the hatching process. Alternatively, the LED light source can be used to explore the significant influence of different monochromatic spectra on chicken embryo development and growth after hatching. Eggshell is an important medium of gas exchange between chicken embryos and the outside world during chicken embryo development. The eggshell can be antibacterial to effectively resist external physical damage. Meanwhile, the structure and morphology of eggshells are also important factors affecting the development of chicken embryos. As reported in previous research, the performance of hatching depends largely on the physical and chemical properties of the eggshell. More importantly, the monochromatic green light irradiation can shorten the hatching time of breeding eggs, leading to a higher hatching rate and the anti-stress ability of chicks. In this study, the fertilized eggs were treated with the monochrome green light by LED lamps from the two sides of the egg tray during the whole incubation process. Specifically, the illumination period was L:D= 18:6, and the illumination intensity was 120-220 lx. The influencing factors were monitored during incubation with the monochrome green light regulation, such as eggshell color, eggshell structure, pigment content, and element content. An optimal mechanism for the chick hatching was established under the monochrome green lighting. The results indicated that the incubation environment of monochromatic green light promoted the adaptive response of the eggshell. Also, the surface brightness L *of the eggshell decreased significantly (P < 0.01), and the decomposition of biliverd in the eggshell was inhibited (P<0.01). In addition, the monochrome green light was beneficial to the absorption and utilization of Ca element in the eggshell. There was also a significant increase in the weathering and the pore area of the eggshell surface during hatching (P<0.000 1). Consequently, the enhanced permeability and heat dissipation of eggshell were achieved to improve the hatchability for less mortality during the hatching process. This finding can also provide the promising prospect for the better hatchability and utilization of monochrome green light in the incubation industry, as well as promoting the coordinated development of the poultry industry and energy conservation to enhance sustainable agriculture.