增效复合肥减氮施用对小麦-玉米产量和养分效率的影响

为了探明增效复合肥减氮施用对小麦-玉米产量和养分效率的影响， 2017-2020年度在安徽省涡阳县布置不同增效复合肥及其减氮施用的田间试验。试验共设置9个处理，分别为不施肥（CK）、常规复合肥（CF）、腐殖酸复合肥（HF）、氨基酸复合肥（AF）、海藻酸复合肥（SF）、常规复合肥减氮20%（CR）、腐殖酸复合肥减氮20%（HR）、氨基酸复合肥减氮20%（AR）和海藻酸复合肥减氮20%（SR）。结果表明：不减氮处理小麦和玉米3年的平均产量高低顺序分别为AF > SF> HF > CF、SF > HF> AF> CF；减氮处理小麦和玉米3年的平均产量分别为AR > SR > HR > CR、HR > SR > AR > CR；周年平均产量SF > AF > HF > AR > SR > HR > CF > CR，增效复合肥减氮处理较增效复合肥不减氮处理周年产量下降6.37%，较CF处理周年产量增加3.51%，较CR处理周年产量增加10.40%。施用增效复合肥的处理小麦穗粒数较CF处理平均增加19.30%，施用增效复合肥的处理玉米穗粒数较CF处理平均增加5.80%，增效复合肥减氮处理较增效复合肥不减氮处理小麦、玉米穗粒数分别下降3.40%和2.60%。养分效率是衡量小麦、玉米吸收利用肥料效果的重要指标，小麦季增效复合肥不减氮的处理氮、磷和钾肥利用率较CF处理平均提高了10.32%，增效复合肥减氮处理与CR处理相比，氮、磷和钾肥吸收利用率平均提高了7.94%，增效复合肥处理小麦季平均肥料农学效率、偏生产力较CF处理分别提高了3.19和3.17 kg·kg^-1，减氮20%后，施用3种增效复合肥的处理肥料农学效率、偏生产力较CR处理分别提高3.10和3.15 kg·kg^-1；玉米季增效复合肥不减氮的处理氮、磷和钾肥吸收利用率较CF处理平均提高了7.35%，增效复合肥处理玉米季肥料的农学效率、偏生产力较CF处理分别提高了0.97和0.66 kg·kg^-1，减氮20%后，施用3种增效复合肥的处理较CR处理氮、磷和钾肥吸收利用率分别提高了4.87%、4.71%和9.03%。综上，试验条件下增效复合肥较普通复合肥等养分条件下能显著提高小麦、玉米的产量和养分效率，增产主要体现在增加小麦和 玉米穗粒数；增效复合肥减氮施用条件下，小麦季较普通复合肥处理呈现增产，玉米季呈现减产，而周年产量表现为减肥稳产。

Effects of synergistic compound fertilizer on wheat-maize yield and nutrient efficiency

In order to provide a basis for rational application of synergistic compound fertilizer, the effects of nitrogen reduction application of synergistic compound fertilizer on wheat and maize yield and nutrient efficiency were explored through a field experiment of different synergistic compound fertilizers and nitrogen reduction application in Guoyang county, Anhui Province from 2017 to 2020. There were nine treatments in the experiment: No fertilizer (CK), conventional compound fertilizer (CF), humic acid compound fertilizer (HF), amino acid compound fertilizer (AF), alginate compound fertilizer (SF), conventional compound fertilizer 20% N reduction (CR), humic acid compound fertilizer 20% N reduction (HR), amino acid compound fertilizer 20% N reduction (AR) and alginate compound fertilizer 20% N reduction (SR).The results showed that the order of average yield of wheat and maize without N reduction was AF > SF > HF> CF, SF > HF > AF > CF, respectively. The average yield of wheat and maize treated with N reduction was AR > SR > HR > CR and HR > SR > AR > CR, respectively. The order of annual average yield was SF >