南阳市小麦秆黑粉病的发生及小麦品种的抗病性鉴定

为了解河南省南阳市小麦秆黑粉病的发生状况及河南省主要小麦品种对秆黑粉病的抗性,于2011年4-5月份在南阳市各县区随机选取1～3个乡镇对小麦秆黑粉病的发生状况进行调查,并于同年10月至次年5月对河南省广泛种植的15个小麦品种进行秆黑粉病抗性鉴定。调查结果表明,除宛城区、西峡县和社旗县没有发现小麦秆黑粉病外,其他县区均有不同程度发生,病茎率为0～10.7%,发病田块占总调查田块的41.5%,推测全市发病小麦面积约75万hm2。抗性鉴定结果表明,小麦对该病的抗性在不同品种间差异甚大,豫麦57属免疫品种,运旱618、漯麦4-168、豫农001、偃展4410、04中36、百农矮抗58为高抗品种,开麦20、濮麦9、郑麦9023为中抗品种,豫农202、豫宝1、金博士1为感病品种,豫麦012和豫农-416为高感品种。

Occurrence of Wheat Flag Smut in Nanyang City and Identification of Resistance of Wheat Cultivars

To know the occurrence status of wheat flag smut caused by Urocystis tritici Krn in Nanyang city,Henan province,wheat flag smut was investigated in 13 counties/districts from April to May,2011.One to three townships were randomly selected as sampling areas for each county/district.The results showed that the occurrence of wheat flag smut was confirmed in all of the counties/districts except for Wancheng district,Xixia county and Sheqi county,where thedisease was not found during the survey.The disease incidences varied from 0 to 10.7 % in 65 wheat fields investigated,with 41.5% of the wheat fields infected.The diseased area of wheat field was estimated to be approximately 750 000 ha in Nanyang city.To identify the resistance of wheat cultivars in Henan province against the disease,15 wheat cultivars were inoculated with teliospore of U.tritici in October,2011.The result indicated that the resistance of wheat markedly varied from one cultivar to another.One immune cultivar(Yumai 57),six highly resistant ones(Yunhan 618,Luomai 4-168,Yunong 001,Yanzhan 4410,04-Zhong-36 and Bainongaikang 58),three moderately resistant ones(Kaimai 20,Pumai 9 and Zhengmai 9023),three susceptible ones(Yunong 202,Yubao1 and Jinboshi 1),and two highly susceptible ones(Yumai 012 and Yunong-416) wereidentified.