嗜卷书虱和嗜虫书虱体内磷酸酯酶的生化与毒理学特性比较

采用药膜法对嗜卷书虱和嗜虫书虱进行生物测定,从5种杀虫剂对两种书虱的LC50可以看出,嗜卷书虱对两种拟除虫菊酯类药剂较嗜虫书虱敏感,嗜虫书虱对丁硫克百威较为敏感,而对有机磷类药剂的作用两种书虱的敏感性相似.两种书虱体内酸性磷酸酯酶(ACP)和碱性磷酸酯酶(ALP)的活力比较结果表明:嗜卷书虱和嗜虫书虱体内ACP的比活力为分别14μmol/mg·30 min和2.2 μmol/mg·30 min,ALP的比活力分别为0.092μmol/mg·30 min和0.046μmol/mg·30 min.经方差分析,两种书虱ACP和ALP的比活力之间均存在显著性差异(p<0.05).动力学参数比较结果显示,两种书虱ACP的Vmax值之间的差异达到显著水平,而ALP的Km值之间存在显著性差异.离体试验结果表明,5种药剂对磷酸酯酶的作用各不相同,个别药剂在低浓度下表现诱导作用,说明磷酸酯酶在不同外源毒物的解毒代谢过程中所起的作用有所不同.

Comparison of the biochemical and toxicological characteristics of phosphatases in Liposcelis bostrychophila and L. entomophila

The toxicities of carbosulfan,dichlorvos,chlorpyrifos,alphamethrin and fenpropathrin against Liposcelis bostrychophila and L.entomophila were tested by residual films.The results showed that there is significant difference in the toxicities of different insecticides against the two species based on LC₅₀ values.L.bostrychophila is more sensitive to pyrethroid,while L.entomophila is more sensitive to carbamate insecticides.The sensitivities of the two psocids to organophosphorous insecticides were quite similar.There was also significant difference in the specific activities and enzyme kinetics of ACP and ALP of the two species.The results of in vitro tests showed that the five insecticides had different effects on the activity of phosphatase.Some insecticides induced the enzyme activity.It is suggested that the phosphatase has different function in the detoxification metabolism processes of different foreign toxicants.