Impact of a cultivar mixture on scab,powdery mildew and rosy aphid in an organic apple orchard |
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| Affiliation: | 1. INRA, UERI, Domaine de Gotheron, 26320 Saint-Marcel-lès-Valence, France;2. GRAB, Domaine de Gotheron, 26320 Saint-Marcel-lès-Valence, France;1. USDA-ARS Invasive Plant Research Laboratory, Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA;2. US Fish and Wildlife, ARM Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge, Delray Beach, FL 33473, USA;3. USDA-NPS, Dry Tortugas National Park, Key West, FL 33040, USA;4. Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, North Caroline State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;1. SIMAP-EPM, 1340 Rue de la Piscine, BP 75, F-38402 Saint Martin d’Hères, France;2. Le Rubis SA, BP 16, 38560 Jarrie, Grenoble, France;1. Univ. Grenoble Alpes/CNRS, Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l’Environnement (LGGE), UMR 5183, F-38041 Grenoble, France;2. Univ. Grenoble Alpes/CNRS, Grenoble Image Parole Signal Automatique (GIPSA-lab), UMR 5216, B.P. 46, F-38402 St Martin d’Hères, France;3. CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, 107-121 Station St., Aspendale, Victoria 3195, Australia;1. FOTON Laboratory, CNRS, University of Rennes 1, F-22305 Lannion, France;2. INRIA/IRISA, campus de Beaulieu, University of Rennes 1, 35000 Rennes, France;3. OPERA department, Universite libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Ixelles, Belgium;4. Electro-optical communications group, Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, Netherlands;1. USDA-ARS Invasive Plant Research Laboratory, Davie, FL, USA;2. US Fish and Wildlife Service, ARM Loxahatchee Wildlife Refuge, Boynton Beach, FL, USA;3. University of Florida, Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, Davie, FL, USA |
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| Abstract: | The impact of a cultivar mixture within the rows including the cvs Melrouge (low susceptibility to scab) and Pitchounette (Rvi6 resistant) was assessed during 2008–2009 in an organic apple orchard located in Rhône Valley (Drôme, France), on three important pests and diseases: scab, powdery mildew and rosy apple aphid. In this area, the resistance of Rvi6 gene was effective since the orchard plantation in 2004. The impact of the cultivar mixture was assessed per se, but also associated with sanitation practices to decrease the primary inoculum of scab and mildew, and compared to disease development on pure stands of Melrouge. The cultivar mixture showed a good efficiency to decrease the scab incidence on leaves and fruits; a significant effect on scab severity was observed in 2009 for the cultivar mixture plus sanitation practices. Our data confirmed the different susceptibility levels of the two cultivars for powdery mildew. Against powdery mildew, a favourable effect of cultivar mixture, at the condition it is associated with sanitation, was observed in case of a moderate level of the disease (2008). For rosy apple aphid, a favourable effect of cultivar mixture was observed on Melrouge in 2008 when Pitchounette has a good resistance level. In the context of organic production, the impact of the cultivar mixture seemed favourable for the control of the three pests and diseases. |
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