土壤微生物影响土壤健康的作用机制研究进展

土壤健康是农业可持续发展的中心主题。土壤微生物参与土壤生态功能、环境功能和免疫功能协同驱动土壤生命系统运转，是维持土壤健康的核心与关键。了解不同微生物介导的土壤健康调控机制对有效利用这些核心微生物维持和改善土壤健康至关重要。本文围绕微生物参与调节土壤碳循环、养分循环，改变土壤结构、抑制植物病虫害、污染控制等主要生物过程系统梳理了微生物在调控土壤健康中的重要作用，以及微生物作为土壤健康的敏感指标对土壤健康的指示与预警作用。强调未来应加强驱动土壤健康特定功能以及多个生物过程的核心微生物组信息数据库挖掘、构建与生产应用研究，为定向利用微生物改善农业土壤生态系统功能、维持土壤健康以及保障土壤可持续发展提供科学依据。

Research Progress on the Mechanism by which Soil Microorganisms Affect Soil Health

Soil health is the central theme of sustainable agricultural development. Soil microorganisms cooperatively drive the soil life system by regulating soil ecological functions, environmental functions and immunologic functions, which are the keys to maintaining soil health. Understanding the mechanisms of soil microorganisms mediated soil health is essential to effectively utilize these core microorganisms to maintain and improve soil health. Thus, soil functions, such as soil carbon cycling, nutrient cycling, soil structure regulation, plant disease and insect inhibition and contamination control mediated by soil microorganisms are reviewed to summarize their roles in maintaining or enhancing soil health. Furthermore, as a sensitive indicator of soil health, the roles of soil microorganisms in soil health indication and warning were also studied. Research about mining, construction and application of the core microbiome information database that drives the specific function of soil health and multiple biological processes should be strengthened in the future. This will help to provide a scientific basis for improving the function of agricultural soil ecosystems using soil microorganisms, maintaining soil health and soil sustainable development.