Potential of citrus budlings originating in the Middle East as sources of citrus viroids |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Royal Gardens and Farms, Royal Court Affairs, Seeb, Oman;2. Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 34, Al-Khoud, Muscat 123, Oman;1. Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece;2. University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy;3. CREA-Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, Rome, Italy;4. Directorate of Rural Economy and Veterinary of Piraeus, Attica Prefecture, Attica, Greece;5. Formerly, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan;6. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States;1. National Plant Protection Organization, Wageningen, The Netherlands;2. Naktuinbouw, Roelofarendsveen, The Netherlands;3. Polytechnic University of Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain;1. Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCB), Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética (CBG), Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, km 16, 45662-900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil;2. Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura, Rua Embrapa, s/nº, CEP44380-000, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil;3. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR AGAP, 20230, San Giuliano, France;4. CIRAD, UMR AGAP, 20230, San Giuliano, France;5. CIRAD, UMR AGAP, F-34398, Montpellier, France |
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| Abstract: | A study was conducted to determine the potential of citrus budlings originating in the Middle East as sources of citrus viroids. A total of 101 citrus budlings belonging to 9 citrus cultivars which originated from 5 countries were collected from commercial nurseries in 2010. A multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (mRT-PCR) was used for detection of CEVd, CBLVd, HSVd, CDVd and CBCVd viroids from the budlings. Multiplex RT-PCR analysis, followed by sequencing of representative isolates, showed that 29, 28, 54, 68 and 79% of the citrus budlings are positive for CEVd, CBLVd, HSVd, CDVd and CBCVd viroids, respectively. Viroids were detected in citrus budlings originating in Oman, Lebanon, Syria, Egypt and Jordon. Viroids from Oman were found to share 94–100% nucleotide similarity with viroids from other parts of the world. Findings from this study provide evidence for circulation of citrus viroids via budlings originating in the Middle East. Strict quarantine measures and certification programs are required to reduce widespread distribution of citrus viroids via citrus budlings originating in these countries. |
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