Effects of nitrogen fertilization on insect pests,their parasitoids,plant diseases and volatile organic compounds in Brassica napus |
| |
| Affiliation: | 1. Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia;2. Jõgeva Plant Breeding Institute, 1 Aamisepa St, Jõgeva 48309, Estonia;1. INRA, UMR 1392, Institut d’Ecologie et des Sciences de l’Environnement de Paris, Route de Saint-Cyr, F-78026 Versailles Cedex, France;2. UMR Evolution, Génomes, Comportement et Ecologie, IRD, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Campus CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France;3. IRISA, équipe GenScale, Campus universitaire de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France;4. Université Paris-Sud 11, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France;5. UMR Evolution, Génomes, Comportement et Ecologie IRD, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, c/o icipe, NSBB Project, PO Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya;1. Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany;2. Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany;3. Research Group Mass Spectrometry/Proteomics, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany;4. Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany;5. Genome Analysis Group, Leibniz Institute for Age Research, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany;1. Centre for Advanced Research in International Agricultural Development (CARIAD), c/o CIMMYT South Asia Regional Office, P. O. Box 5186, Kathmandu, Nepal;2. Forum for Rural Welfare and Agriculture Reform for Development (FORWARD), P.O. Box 11, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal;3. CARIAD, Bangor University, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK;4. Local Initiatives for Biodiversity, Research and Development (LI-BIRD), P.O. Box 324, Pokhara, Kaski, Nepal;5. National Grain Legume Research Programme (NGLRP), Nepal Agriculture Research Council (NARC), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal;6. Social Upliftment through Participatory Programmes, Research and Training (SUPPORT) Foundation, P.O. Box 24, Mahendranagar, Kanchanpur, Nepal;1. UMR DGIMI 1333 INRA, UM, Case Courrier 101, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34 095 Montpellier, France;2. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Benin Research Station (IITA-Benin), 08 BP 0932 Tri Postal, Cotonou, Benin;3. Department of Crop Production, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences (FSA), University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), 03 BP 2819 Cotonou, Benin;4. Michigan State University (MSU), Department of Entomology, East Lansing, USA;5. World Vegetable Center (AVRDC), Tainan, Taiwan;1. Department of Entomology and Molecular Phytopathology, UTP University of Science and Technology, 20 Kordeckiego, 85-225 Bydgoszcz, Poland;2. Department of Ornamental Plants and Vegetable Crops, UTP University of Science and Technology, 6/8 Bernardyńska, 85-029 Bydgoszcz, Poland;3. Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 28 Wojska Polskiego, 60-637 Poznań, Poland;4. Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarina, 87-100 Torun, Poland |
| |
| Abstract: | Nitrogen (N) availability is a key factor influencing the yield of Brassica napus L. Thus, mineral fertilization is widely used to improve the quality and quantity of seeds. In this study, we conducted field experiments to determine the impact of nitrogen fertilization on B. napus pests, their parasitoids and plant diseases. The results showed that N treatment had an impact on the abundance of pollen beetles (Meligethes aeneus Fab.) and cabbage seed weevils (Ceutorhynchus obstrictus Marsh.) as well as dark spot disease (Alternaria brassicae (Berk.) Sacc.). Since pest abundance was not correlated with the flower and silique numbers, the feeding and oviposition sites, plant smell bouquets were analysed to determine potentially attractive or repellent volatile organic compounds. We detected 19 different compounds among which acetic acid and several lipoxygenase pathway products were emitted at higher levels from N-treated plants. Emission of a few other terpenoid compounds was correlated with the pest abundance in field conditions. Abundance of parasitoids of both pests was related to the host availability rather than to the fertilization treatment. Therefore, we suggest that plant chemical cues play a minor role in localization of hosts in close proximity to parasitoid. Dark spot disease levels decreased with increasing N availability, possibly reflecting enhanced emissions of acetic acid, a known antifungal volatile. This study demonstrates the effects of N fertilization on bud and flower volatile bouquets, which might play a role in B. napus insect pest host selection and in resistance to fungal plant diseases. Further studies are necessary to investigate the behavioural responses of insects to the changed volatile bouquets. |
| |
| Keywords: | |
| 本文献已被 ScienceDirect 等数据库收录！ |
|
